Hybrid-perovskite-based optoelectronic devices are demonstrating unprecedented growth in performance, and defect passivation approaches highly promising routes to further improve properties. Here, the effect of molecular ion BF4?, introduced via methylammonium tetrafluoroborate (MABF4) a surface treatment for MAPbI3 perovskite, is reported. Optical spectroscopy characterization shows that intro...

Transgenic mice over-expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (PDAPP mouse) develop several Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like lesions including an age-related accumulation of amyloid-?-containing neuritic plaques. Although aged, heterozygous PDAPP mice also exhibit synaptic and glial cell changes, that is characteristic of AD pathology, no evidence of neurodegeneration has been observed. T...

The positive growth response of healthy young trees to density reduction is well known. In contrast, large old trees are usually thought to be intrinsically limited in their ability to respond to increased growing space; therefore, density reduction is seldom used in stands of old-growth trees. We tested the null hypothesis that old-growth trees are incapable of responding with increased growth...

because of inhomogeneity and anisotropy of composite materials, defining a unique fatigue criterion to be suitable for different loading conditions is much more difficult in comparison with traditional materials. for this reason many tests on evaluating the damages such as crack density, stiffness reduction and residual strength are used by various researchers to monitor the fatigue process. in...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (hiit) on bone mass density in adult male wistar rats. for this purpose, 16 rats (weight 250±20 g and 6 weeks old) were divided into experimental group (n=8) and control group (n=8). after a week of orientation to the training protocol, 8 weeks of incremental hiit was performed. 24 hours after the last train...

in order to evaluate the effect of water stress and plant density on growth and seed yield of safflower, a study was conducted during 2009 growing season at agricultural college of shiraz university. the experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. the treatments were deficit irrigation (100, 75, and 50% of field capacity-fc) as main plot...