Freeze-fracture and thin-section electron microscopy were used to describe the sites of attachment of 2 kinds of ectosymbiotic bacteria to a devescovinid flagellate from termites. In each case, surface specializations in both partners occur at the junctional complexes. Rod bacteria lie in pockets of the eukaryotic membrane which are coated by dense material and contain high densities of intrame...

The addition of a ductile phase to porous ceramic can help overcome the brittleness ceramics. Yet, most studies so far have focused on processing and characterization dense composites. Alternatively, unidirectional pores improve strength Here we combine two approaches show simple strategy obtain highly porous, ceramic/polymer We infiltrated ice-templated zirconia scaffolds with polymer or solut...

Gap junctions in the epithelium and superficial fiber cells from young mice were examined in lenses prepared by rapid-freezing, and processed for freeze-substitution and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. There appeared to be three structural types of gap junction: one type between epithelial cells and two types between fiber cells. Epithelial gap junctions seen by freeze-substitution were ap...

Here, laboratory tests were conducted to examine the effects of natural fracture density (NFD) on propagation hydraulic (HF), HF and (NF) interaction, formation stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Laboratory methods proposed prepare samples with dense, medium spare discrete orthogonal networks. After conducting a true triaxial fracturing experiment synthetic blocks, experimental results analyzed...

The mechanical properties of new low-modulus beta titanium alloyed designed for biomedical applications are measured and compared when processed via the selective laser melting (SLM) metal injection moulding (MIM) processes. Mechanical tensile testing reveals important differences between them: (i) Under optimal settings, SLM produces strong, ductile properties. This is associated with creating...

The mechanical response of plasma-sprayed coatings is studied by recourse to instrumented spherical micro-indentation. It is shown that the elastic moduli of the coatings can be determined in a more reliable and reproducible manner with instrumented spherical indentation than prior (Knoop) indentation methods, while at the same time minimizing damage to the coating during indentation. The resul...

A consensus is emerging that discontinuous shear thickening (DST) in dense suspensions marks a transition from a flow state where particles remain well separated by lubrication layers, to one dominated by frictional contacts. We show here that reasonable assumptions about contact proliferation predict two distinct types of DST in the absence of inertia. The first occurs at densities above the j...

Mechanical strengthening by grain refinement is a method whereby a material’s strength and hardness can be increased by decreasing the average crystallite grain size. The empirical Hall–Petch relationship mathematically describes grain boundary strengthening and provides guidance for a straightforward way to produce stronger materials. While the phenomenon has been widely explored in nanocrysta...

Choroid plexus and intestinal microvilli in thin sections have microfilaments in the cytoplasm adjacent to the membranes, and in replicas have broken strands of filaments in both cytoplasm and on E faces of plasm membranes. The microfilaments contain actin as indicated by their binding of heavy meromyosin (HMM). In sections of choroid plexus, the microfilaments are 7-8 nm in diameter and form a...

A fractured scaphoid is a common disabling injury that is frequently complicated by non-union. The treatment of non-union remains challenging because of the scaphoid's small size and delicate blood supply. Large animal models are the most reliable method to evaluate the efficacy of new treatment modalities before their translation into clinical practice. The goal of this study was to model a hu...