congenital left ventricular diverticulum is a rare cardiac malformation. two categories of congenital ventricular diverticulum have been identified with regard to their localization: apical and non-apical. apical diverticula are always associated with midline thoraco-abdominal defects and other heart malformations. non-apical diverticula are always isolated defects. diagnosis is established by ...

Abstract Kilonovae are ultraviolet, optical, and infrared transients powered by the radioactive decay of heavy elements following a neutron star merger. Joint observations kilonovae gravitational waves can offer key constraints on source Galactic r -process enrichment, among other astrophysical topics. However, robust element production require rapid kilonova detection (within ∼1 day merger) as...

It is shown that any stabilizing, certainty equivalence control used within an adaptive control system, causes the familiar interconnection of a controlled process and associated output estimator to be detectable through the estimator's output error ep, for every frozen value of the index or parameter vector p upon which both the estimator and controller dynamics depend. The fact that certainty...