Several margarine base stock candidates have previously been prepared for the purpose of finding better, more oxidatively stable food components: high-saturate vegetable oils, randomized vegetable oils, vegetable oil-hard stock blends, and interesterified vegetable oil-hard stock blends. Here are reported the triacylglycerol compositions of these products, determined using reverse-phase high-pe...

Recent studies of decadal/interdecadal climate variability suggested two main classes of mechanisms: selfsustained (supercritical) oscillations due to the internal nonlinearity of the ocean and linear (subcritical) thermohaline oscillations driven by stochastic atmospheric forcing. The authors use a coupled ocean–atmosphere meridional box model to carefully examine these two alternatives. It is...

Accurate rainfall forecasts using numerical weather prediction (NWP) models can provide significant increases in forecast lead-time and thereby give greater opportunity for flood warning and protection measures. One goal of the FLOODRELIEF project is to quantify the uncertainty of forecast precipitation fields from two different NWP models (Eta and MM5) to investigate the impact of precipitatio...

Some types of coupled Korteweg de-Vries (KdV) equations are derived from an atmospheric dynamical system. In the derivation procedure, an unreasonable yaverage trick (which is usually adopted in literature) is removed. The derived models are classified via Painlevé test. Three types of τ -function solutions and multiple soliton solutions of the models are explicitly given by means of the exact ...

6 The GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model (CTM), used by a large atmospheric chemistry 7 research community, has been re-engineered to also serve as an atmospheric chemistry module for Earth 8 System Models (ESMs). This was done using an Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) interface 9 that operates independently of the GEOS-Chem scientific code, permitting the exact same GEOS-Chem 10 c...

A representation of atmospheric chemistry has been included in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The new chemistry modules complement the aerosol modules of the IFS for atmospheric composition, which is named C-IFS. C-IFS for chemistry supersedes a coupled system in which chemical transport model (CTM) Model for OZone and ...

The annual mean maximum meridional heat transport (MHTMAX) differs by approximately 20% among coupled climate models. The value of MHTMAX can be expressed as the difference between the equator-topole contrast in absorbed solar radiation (ASR*) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR*). As an example, in the Northern Hemisphere observations, the extratropics (defined as the region with a net radiat...

The GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model (CTM), used by a large atmospheric chemistry research community, has been re-engineered to also serve as an atmospheric chemistry module for Earth system models (ESMs). This was done using an Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) interface that operates independently of the GEOSChem scientific code, permitting the exact same GEOSChem code to be use...

Substantial interannual to decadal variability is observed in the properties of subtropical mode water of the North Atlantic. In this study the response of mode water to stochastic atmospheric forcing is investigated in a numerical model. In a series of experiments the response is studied to different components of stochastic atmospheric forcing, such as wind stress, freshwater flux, and heat f...