Contaminant gas dispersion within an urban area resulting from accidental or intentional release is of great concern to public health and social security. When estimating plume in a built-up under real meteorological conditions by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), crucial issue how prescribe the input conditions. There are typically two approaches: using outputs mesoscale simulation (MMS) mod...

Observations from aircraft, an island station, and two research vessels are used to investigate the development of an elevated mixed layer or land plume over the Arabian sea during the Indian Ocean Experiment Intensive Field Phase 1999 (INDOEX) through air mass modification. Much of the transport of aerosols and gases occurs in this plume located above a well-mixed convective marine boundary la...

A localized source of buoyancy flux in a nonreactive fluid medium creates a plume. The flux can be provided by either heat, a compositional difference between the fluid comprising the plume and its surroundings, or a combination of both. For autocatalytic plumes produced by the iodate-arsenous acid reaction, however, buoyancy is produced along the entire reacting interface between the plume and...

Laboratory experiments are performed to examine the sedimentation of particles that initially rise in a plume, then spread radially and settle in uniformly stratified fluid. Using light attenuation, the depth of the sediment bed is measured nonintrusively as a function of radius from the center of the plume. To gain some insight into these dynamics, an idealized model is developed by adapting w...

Iceland is located where the asthenosperic flow under the the NE Atlantic plate boundary interacts and mixes with a deep-seated mantle plume. The buoyancy of the Iceland plume leads to dynamic uplift of the Iceland plateau, and high volcanic productivity over the plume produces a thick crust. (Fig.1). The Greenland-Færöy ridge represents the Icland plume track through the history of the NE Atla...

[1] Data collected from the near-field region (first several kilometers) of the Merrimack River plume are analyzed to provide estimates of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rates. Measurement techniques included a control volume method incorporating density and velocity survey data, and direct dissipation rate measurements by turbulence sensors mounted on an autonomous underwater vehic...

This paper describes how measurements of the movement of identifiable features at the edge of a turbulent plume can be interpreted to determine the properties of the mean flow and consequently, using plume theory, can be used to make estimates of the fluxes of volume (mass), momentum and buoyancy in a plume. This means that video recordings of smoke rising from a chimney or buoyant material fro...

Stormwater discharges from Chollas Creek, a tributary of San Diego Bay, have been shown to be toxic to aquatic life. The primary objective of this study was to provide the linkage between in-channel measurements and potential impairments in the receiving waters of San Diego Bay. This study addressed this objective within the context of four questions: (1) How much area in San Diego Bay is affec...

Industrial ventilation problems can be linked to the formation of thermal plumes that develop due to natural convection above various heat sources. These plumes, independent of the energy losses and thermal constraints caused, can also be the carrier of polluting products. This article describes an experimental study of the dynamic, thermal, and mass fields that develop from a hot rectangular (...

The spatial and temporal distributions of multiple reductively dechlorinating bacteria were simultaneously assessed in a one-dimensional sand column containing a tetrachloroethene (PCE) nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source and associated plume zones. The column was uniformly inoculated with a PCE-to-ethene dechlorinating microbial consortium that contained Dehalococcoides spp., Dehalobacter sp...