The genetic basis of a host's resistance to parasites has important epidemiological and evolutionary consequences. Understanding this genetic basis can be complicated by non-genetic factors, such as environmental quality, which may influence the expression of genetic resistance and profoundly alter patterns of disease and the host's response to selection. In particular, understanding the enviro...

Most pregnant women at risk of for infection with Plasmodium vivax live in the Asia-Pacific region. However, malaria in pregnancy is not recognised as a priority by many governments, policy makers, and donors in this region. Robust data for the true burden of malaria throughout pregnancy are scarce. Nevertheless, when women have little immunity, each infection is potentially fatal to the mother...

Background The objective of this study was to describe clinico-laboratory profile and outcome of complicated acute febrile illnesses among inpatients in a tertiary care hospital during monsoon. Methods This was an observational, prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. Between July 2016 to October 2016, adult patients admitted to the hospital with complicated ...

BACKGROUND Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in Africa. We describe the clinical presentation of severe pneumonia among hospitalized children in a malaria endemic area with a high prevalence of HIV infection. METHODS As part of a 2-year prospective study of radiologically confirmed pneumonia, chest radiographs, malaria parasite counts and bacterial blood...

Malaria is a major public health problem that is presently complicated by the development of resistance by Plasmodium falciparum to the mainstay drugs. Thus, new drugs with unique structures and mechanism of action are required to treat drug-resistant strains of malaria. Historically, compounds containing a novel structure from natural origin represent a major source for the discovery and devel...

BACKGROUND Malaria transmission rates in Africa can vary dramatically over the space of a few kilometres. This spatial heterogeneity reflects variation in vector mosquito habitat and presents an important obstacle to the efficient allocation of malaria control resources. Malaria control is further complicated by combinations of vector species that respond differently to control interventions. R...

A major manifestation of complicated malaria especially among children is severe anaemia, the pathogenesis of which is not well understood. Among other factors, suppression of the bone marrow's response to erythropoietin, which is rapidly reversed after successful treatment of the malaria, has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Since resolution of malaria restores erythropoiesis, we hypothesi...

OBJECTIVES To analyze incidence, clinical feature and outcome of acute renal failure due to Plasmodium vivax malaria. MATERIAL & METHOD This is retrospective analysis of smear positive Plasmodium vivax patients with acute renal failure between Jan 1995 to Dec 2000. RESULT Out of 577 cases of ARF, 93 [falciparum 74 (79.61%); vivax 19 (20.4%)] were related to complicated malaria. 3.2% (19/577...

BACKGROUND The case fatality rate of severe malaria remains unacceptably high. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a safe compound that inhibits tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and impedes cytoadherence, both of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of malaria complications. AIM To evaluate NAC as adjunctive therapy in severe malaria. DESIGN A placebo-controlled, double-blind prospective study,...

T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) has complicated roles in regulating monocytes and macrophages in various diseases and it tends to be an inhibitory molecule to facilitate the immune escape of parasites in malaria. However, the mechanisms of Tim-3 mediated responses in monocytes and macrophages in malaria have not been clear. In this study, we found that Plasm...