We compare the more common physician compensation method of fee-for-service to the less common payment-for-outcomes method. This paper combines an investigation of the theoretical properties of both of these payment regimes with a unique data set from rural Cameroon in which patients can choose between outcome and service based payments. We show that consideration of the role of patient effort ...

The vehement scientific debate which took place in Australia in the 1980s over the epidemic of the chronic cervicobrachial pain syndrome known as repetition strain injury (RSI) was remarkable for the accompanying social commentary offered by many of the medical participants. This commentary was to have a profound effect on relationships between individual doctors and their patients with RSI. It...

Contractualization consists in the development and implementation of a documented agreement whereby one party (payer) provides compensation to the other party (provider) in exchange for a set of health services to a targeted population. We describe, through a case study, the history and the process of implementation of primary health care contractualization (since 1992) in Portugal, emphasizing...

The forensic psychiatrist must be able to perform a credible psychiatric evaluation and render a competent psychiatric opinion in hotly contested multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) litigation. Forensic psychiatrists are often requested to evaluate MCS claimants by third party payers, employers, lawyers, and government agencies regarding health care costs and disability payments, workers' compe...

According to the disciplining hypothesis, globalization restrains governments by inducing increased budgetary pressure. As a consequence, governments shift their expenditures in favour of transfers and subsidies and away from capital expenditures. This expenditure shift is potentially enhanced by citizens’ preferences to be compensated for the risks of globalization (“compensation hypothesis”)....

This paper reports the results of laboratory experiments in which subjects are offered contracts structured like equity compensation packages, which result in subjects receiving cash payments that are a function of their effort and random factors. We compare the experimental outcomes from alternative contractual forms to theoretical benchmarks and report the efficiency of the contracts to provi...

Among the different forms of agricultural damage in Hungary, drought poses a remarkably high risk according to reported events, area affected, and level mitigation payments. This study explores based on 2018–2020 data Hungarian Agricultural Risk Management System. Owing eligibility criteria, slightly more than half members scheme who received payments, but for them, value compensation significa...

The seventh-century vernacular laws from the kingdoms of Kent and Wessex specify fines or compensation payments using units of account that have given us familiar terms in the numismatics of this period: scillingas (shillings), sceattas and pæningas (pennies). In light of the use of cognate words in Gothic and Old High German, and the comparative values given in the Old English law-codes themse...

Since 1999, China has spent RMB 50 billion (about US$7 billion) to implement the ‘Grain for Green’ programme, the largest land retirement programme in the developing world. From 1999 to 2003, over 7.2 million hectares of agricultural land were retired under the programme. However, many farmers report that they did not receive the compensation promised under the programme in exchange for plantin...

In the preceding chapters, we presented evidence about the personnel difficulties facing the Air Force and discussed options for altering the structure of military compensation. The options included restructuring the basic pay table to make it more positively skewed with respect to rank, promoting personnel faster, paying higher bonuses, tying bonus payments to current skill level and current r...