INTRODUCTION Seat belt use reduces the risk of injuries and fatalities among motor vehicle occupants in a crash, but belt use in rear seating positions is consistently lower than front seating positions. Knowledge is limited concerning factors associated with seat belt use among adult rear seat passengers. METHODS Data from the 2012 ConsumerStyles survey were used to calculate weighted percen...

background trauma is the most common cause of death in children. road traffic injuries account for a significant percentage of trauma cases in children and it is a cause of disability. objective an epidemiological study of factors associated with trauma caused by traffic accidents in children under 8 years of age who were hospitalized in rasht poursina hospital was sought. materials and methods...

Proper seat belt use saves lives; however, the use rate decreased in Korea. This study aimed to measure the magnitude of the preventive effect of seat belt on case-fatality across drivers and passengers. We used the Emergency Department based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) database from 17 EDs between 2011 and 2012. All of adult injured patients from road traffic injuries (RTI) in-vehicle...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to present, compare, and discuss the kinematic response of children and child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) during emergency braking events in different restraint configurations in a passenger vehicle. METHODS A driving study was conducted on a closed-circuit test track comprising 16 children aged 4 to 12 years old and the Q3, Hybrid III (HIII)...

OBJECTIVE The Lower Anchor and Tethers for CHildren (LATCH) system was introduced in vehicles made after September 1, 2002 and intended to make installation of rear and forward-facing child safety seats easier. Due to the lack of rear impact testing of RFCRS required per the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS), the purpose of this study was to explore the effects, if any, of installa...

During recent years the use of child restraints in cars in Sweden has rapidly increased. The fact that the different restraint systems prevent injuries has been substantiated, as is shown in this paper. The major emphasis is put on the benefits of using rearward-facing child seats for children 0 to 4 years of age. Attitudes concerning child safety in cars and the misuse problem are also discuss...

OBJECTIVE The goal was to examine the association between the New York State (NYS) upgraded child restraint law (UCRL) implemented in 2005 and the traffic injury rate among 4- to 6-year-old children in New York State. METHODS A before/after comparison study of population-based, traffic injury rates for 4- to 6-year-old children, using 0- to 3-year-old children as a comparison group, was perfo...

The hot gases produced by the internal combustion engines passes through the exhaust valve and causes high temperatures in the exhaust valve and its seat. To avoid damaging the exhaust valve, heat must be transferred from the valve to its seat during the contact they make at the opening and closing cycle. Heat transfer rate from the exhaust valve to its seat is a function of many factors. One o...

OBJECTIVE To digitally model (three-dimensional, 3D) the course of the pudendal arteries relative to the bony pelvis in the adult male, and to identify sites of compression with different bicycle riding positions as a potential cause of penile hypoxia and erectile dysfunction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 3D models were made from computed tomography scans of one adult male pelvis (a healthy volunteer...

STUDY OBJECTIVE We examined the association between driver restraint use and child emergency department (ED) evaluation following a motor vehicle crash (MVC). METHODS This cohort study included child passengers aged 0-12 years riding with an adult driver aged 21 years or older involved in a MVC in Utah from 1999 to 2004. The 6 years of Utah MVC records were probabilistically linked to statewi...