Astrocytes modulate neuronal activity by releasing chemical transmitters via a process termed gliotransmission. The role of this process in the control of behavior is unknown. Since one outcome of SNARE-dependent gliotransmission is the regulation of extracellular adenosine and because adenosine promotes sleep, we genetically inhibited the release of gliotransmitters and asked if astrocytes pla...

Endocannabinoids are lipid transmitters binding and activating the cannabinoid receptors. Both cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids, such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide, have been shown to control numerous physiological and pathological processes, including in the central nervous system. Thus regulating endocannabinoid levels in-vivo represents an interesting therapeutic perspec...

Recent years have seen the discovery of gaseous transmitters in biological nervous systems. An ANN inspired by such gaseous signalling, the GasNet, has previously been shown to be more evolvable than traditional ANNs. Here we present 2 new versions of the GasNet which take further inspiration from the properties of gaseous signalling. The plexus model is inspired by the cortical nNOS plexus and...

Astrocytes, a sub-type of glia in the central nervous system, are dynamic signaling elements that integrate neuronal inputs, exhibit calcium excitability, and can modulate neighboring neurons. Neuronal activity can lead to neurotransmitter-evoked activation of astrocytic receptors, which mobilizes their internal calcium. Elevations in astrocytic calcium in turn trigger the release of chemical t...

Astrocytes modulate neuronal activity, synaptic transmission, and behavior by releasing chemical transmitters in a process termed gliotransmission. Whether this process impacts epilepsy in vivo is not known. We show that genetic impairment of transmitter release from astrocytes by the expression of a glial dominant-negative SNARE domain in mice reduced epileptiform activity in situ, delayed sei...

PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS • Vol. 44, No. 11, 2014 495 ABSTRACT Monoamine oxidase (MAO) isoenzymes A and B are mitochondrial-bound proteins that catalyze the oxidative deamination of dietary amines and monoamine transmitters. Others include: serotonin, epinephrine, 2-phenylethylamine, and dopamine. MAOs can potentially modulate all the processes involving bioactive amines, including regulation of mood,...

Consider a random access communication scenario over channel whose operation is defined for any number of possible transmitters. As in the model recently introduced by Polyanskiy Multiple Access Channel (MAC) with fixed, known transmitters, assumed to be invariant permutations on its inputs, and all active transmitters employ identical encoders. Unlike model, proposed scenario, neither nor rece...

Radar systems, based on bistatic radar concept attracted a substantial attention in the recent years. Passive coherent location systems using “transmitters of opportunity” like radio or TV broadcasters, GSM base stations, satellite communication and GNSS signals proved their potential in detection and tracking moving targets over a significant area. In this paper the multistatic location system...

High-speed, single-frequency transmitters at 980 nm are reported, with open eye diagrams up to 40 Gbit=s and error-free operation up to 35 Gbit=s. The transmitters consist of a short-cavity, distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser with an integrated electro absorption modulator fabricated using a quantum well intermixing processing platform. This represents the fastest bit-rate operation to dat...