Due to the difficulty of targeting systemically delivered therapeutics for cancer, interest has grown in exploiting biological agents enhance tumor accumulation and mediate localized drug delivery. Equipped with onboard sensing active motility, some cells respond specific cues microenvironment, making them ideal candidates smart cancer therapy. Herein, recent progress developments are presented...

Neurogenic bladder (NGB) secondary to spinal cord injury (SCI) is accompanied with several complications such as urinary tract deterioration, urinary incontinence, and consequently lower quality of life (QoL), significant morbidities, and occasionally death. Current therapeutic methods have some side effects and there is no treatment for the upper urinary tract injuries. Stem cell therapy is a ...