This chapter described the advancements in development of nanostructured supported material and enzyme immobilization techniques. The functionalized nanomaterials extremely affect inherent mechanical properties provide highest biocompatibility specific nano-environment surrounding enzymes for improving stability, catalytic performance, reaction’s activities. on considerably enhances robustness ...

Copper-containing nitrite reductases possess a trimeric structure where the catalytic Cu site, located at the monomer-monomer interface, resembles the catalytic sites of a number of Zn enzymes. Nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans has optimum activity at pH 5.2 which decreases to a negligible level at pH 8. The structure of this nitrite reductase has previously been determined at pH ...

Biotin and lipoic acid moieties are the covalently attached coenzyme cofactors of several multicomponent enzyme complexes that catalyze key metabolic reactions. Attachment of these moieties to the biotinyl- and lipoyl-dependent enzymes is post-translationally catalyzed by specific biotinylating and lipoylating protein enzymes. In Escherichia coli, two different enzymes, LplA and LipB, catalyze ...

Regulatory processes in living systems can be shown to be caused by ligand induced changes in the shape of a protein. By dividing the protein shape changes into molecular parameters a quantitative analysis of the regulation process can be obtained which is shown to correlate with actual data in living systems. The complexity of the analysis increases as the number of subunits in the enzyme and ...

The mycobacterial cell wall presents significant challenges to mycobacteriophages--viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts--because of its unusual structure containing a mycolic acid-rich mycobacterial outer membrane attached to an arabinogalactan layer that is in turn linked to the peptidoglycan. Although little is known about how mycobacteriophages circumvent these barriers during the process...

A variety of algorithms have been developed for catalytic residue prediction based on either feature- or template-based methodology. However, no studies have systematically compared these two strategies and further considered whether their combination could improve the prediction performance. Herein, we developed an integrative algorithm named CRHunter by simultaneously using the complementarit...

Nucleic acid methylations are important genetic and epigenetic biomarkers. The formation removal of these markers is related to either methylation or demethylation. In this review, we focus on the demethylation oxidative modification that mediated by 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)/Fe(II)-dependent AlkB/TET family enzymes. catalytic process, most enzymes oxidize 2-OG succinate, in meantime oxidizing meth...

We provide evidence supporting that protein-protein and protein-ligand docking poses are functions of protein shape and intrinsic dynamics. Over sets of 68 protein-protein complexes and 240 nonhomologous enzymes, we recognize common predispositions for binding sites to have minimal vibrations and angular momenta, while two interacting proteins orient so as to maximize the angle between their ro...

Introductory courses in biochemistry teach that enzymes are specific for their substrates and the reactions they catalyze. Enzymes diverging from this statement are sometimes called promiscuous. It has been suggested that relaxed substrate and reaction specificities can have an important role in enzyme evolution; however, enzyme promiscuity also has an applied aspect. Enzyme condition promiscui...

Electrophoresis as such has been applied for many purposes, among these, analysis of isozymes or isoenzymes. As the designation indicates, this is a group of enzymes having the same catalytic ability, i.e. they catalyse the same chemical reaction. Due to the fact that enzymes are proteins and built from amino acids, they possess an electric change so isozymes are enzymes with the same catalytic...