Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in widespread regions along the lateral ventricle and generate diverse olfactory bulb (OB) interneuron subtypes in the adult mouse brain. Molecular mechanisms underlying their regional diversity, however, are not well understood. Here we show that the homeodomain transcription factor Gsx2 plays a crucial role in the region-specific control of adult NSCs in both p...

Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. For stem cells to progress towards clinical use, the risks associated with invasive intracranial surgery used to deliver the cells to the brain, needs to be reduced. Here, we show that MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRIgFUS) is a novel method for non-invasive delivery of stem cells...

Transplantation of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) for repair of traumatic brain injury has been used in the clinic. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment has long been widely used as an adjunctive therapy for treating traumatic brain injury. UC-MSC transplantation combined with HBO treatment is expected to yield better therapeutic effects on traumatic brain injury. In this ...

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a devastating clinical condition that often causes permanent incapacity, especially in the younger population. The clinical relevant of TBI justifies the scientific interest in the pathophysiology of TBI, as well as in protective effects and development of treatment options. Stem cells have the ability to induce neuroprotection and neural repair inflammatory supp...

Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for the treatment of brain damage. Although the “proof of principle” for NSC transplantation therapy has been demonstrated in a variety of animal models of brain injury (stroke, traumatic brain injury, ageing) and in a clinical setting (Parkinson’s disease), the mechanisms by which grafted stem cells survive, migrate and differentiat...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health and socioeconomic problem throughout the world. Each year, TBI contributes to a substantial number of cases of permanent disability and even death. According to CDC data, about 1.7 million TBI occur every year in the U.S. and at least 5.3 million Americans currently live with disabilities resulting from TBI. In addition, it is also the lea...

HAMORRHAGIC lesions of the brain stem are not infrequently found in fatal cases of accidental head injury. Duret (1878, 1919) emphasized their importance, and showed that they are easily produced in experimental animals. Bemer (1930) and Courville (1945) also considered them to be an important cause of death, and it is clear that only a very few patients who recover from a head injury are found...

bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into neurons and astrocytes after transplantation in the spinal cord injury of rats. although bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are known to protect against spinal cord injury through anti-apoptotic effects, but generation of neural stem cells with large number and safety protocols unclear. in the present study, described the differentiation...

background: central nervous system (cns) tumors have accounted for approximately one fourth of all pediatric malignancies. cns tumors have been the most common solid malignancies among the children. in this study, we have evaluated survival and prognostic factors in children with non-brain stem astrocytoma. methods: children with non-brain stem astrocytoma, referring to radiation oncology cente...