Biotransformation is a process by which organic compounds are transformed from one form to another, aided by organisms such as bacteria, fungi and enzymes. It plays a major role and determines the fate of the prospective drugs. Biotransformation must take place only after the drugs reach their specific target site and produce the desired effects. In addition, the nature of the metabolites produ...

Microorganisms affect the solubility, bioavailability, and mobility of actinides in radioactive wastes. Under appropriate conditions, actinides are solubilized or stabilized by the direct enzymatic or indirect nonenzymatic actions of microorganisms. Biotransformation of various forms of uranium (ionic, inorganic, and organic complexes) by aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms has been extensivel...

Antipsychotics (APs) are psychotropic drugs that generally have a psycholeptic effect, capable of reducing psychotic symptoms and psychomotor agitation. This class is widely used in psychiatric practice, especially for the treatment psychosis schizophrenia other disorders. Most APs pass through biotransformation process, or metabolism, after they enter body before being eliminated. There three ...

with its ring-opened tautomer, aldophosph$mide. it is generally agreed that, as such, 4-hydroxycyclopho$phamide-aldophos phamide is without significant antitumor aCtivity and that it can undergo 2 fates: conversion to relatively floncytotoxic metab olites, namely, 4-ketocyclophosphamide,; carboxyphospham ide, and alcophosphamide; and conversioVito cytotoxic metab olites, namely, acrolein, phosp...

Microorganisms were screened for the ability to modify the squalene synthase inhibitor squalestatin 1. Biotransformation of 1 by two actinomycetes, S15106 and S15138, yielded three products hydroxylated on the 4,6-dimethyl-oct-2-enoyl side chain either at the 6 position (5) or 7 position (4 two diastereoisomers), and lacking the acetyl ester from the C-1 side chain. Many strains were found to h...

Biotransformation, the structural modification of chemical compounds, has proved to be an indispensable tool in providing beneficial health effects. Although benefits biotransformation using plant sources been widely studied, anti-adipogenic effect biotransformed dairy products, such as whey, have not yet demonstrated. Here, we investigated whey by Weissella cibaria 3T3-L1 adipocytes. cibaria-b...

Biotransformation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has received growing attention as more research becomes available indicating that bioremediation may have a future role to play in addressing PFAS contamination.

Previous studies of triclocarban suggest that its biotransformation could yield reactive metabolites that form protein adducts. Since the skin is the major route of triclocarban exposure, present work examined this possibility in cultured human keratinocytes. The results provide evidence for considerable biotransformation and protein adduct formation when cytochrome P450 activity is induced in ...

Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) belong to a multigene family of more than 3,000 heme proteins which catalyse the NADPH-dependent monooxygenation and other about 60 distinct classes of biotransformation reactions. Cytochromes P450 are known to be involved in the metabolism of over 1,000,000 different xenobiotic and endobiotic lipophilic substrates (Shumyantseva, Bulko, Archakov, 2005). Cytochro...