The presence of money has become an important part people's daily lives, as well the purchasing power people element in smooth economic cycle. emergence came from development transactions that initially used barter which was later replaced by currency a medium exchange for international trade. Money management can be done government controlling form monetary policy. This policy benchmark countr...

This study explains trade regimes in Kenya from a History of Economic Thought (HET) perspective using secondary materials (books, papers, and original manuscripts). We found that the pre-colonial era (before 1895) had mixture Classical doctrines Mercantilism, whereby long-distance barter between communities were practiced. Nonetheless, certain restricted trade. economic thought was practiced co...

The Prebisch-Singer thesis is generally taken to be the proposition that the net barter terms of trade between primary products (raw materials) and manufactures have been subject to a long-run downward trend. The publication dates of the first two works in English that expounded the thesis were nearly simultaneous. In May 1950, the English version of The Economic Development of Latin America an...

In this paper, we propose an active grid resource management system supported by active networks for computational grid. First, we construct a scalable two-level resource management architecture. In this architecture, resources in the system are divided into multiple autonomous domains. In each domain, an active resource tree (ART) is organized with resources as its leaf nodes and active router...

Peer-to-peer (P2P) and grid systems allow their users to exchange information and share resources in a uniform and reliable manner. In an ideal world, users make roughly as much resources available as they use. In reality, this is not always the case, and some kind of currency or barter (called karma) is needed that can be exchanged for resources to limit abuse. Previous proposals for such syst...

In this paper the case made by Klein (1975) and Hayek (1976) for competitive bank monies is reconsidered. To do so we build a model of the demand for bank money that derives from money’s ability to separate commodity purchases from sales across time and so avoid the trading costs implied by barter and the double coincidence of wants. Such a model allows us to view the bank cheating or time inco...