The effectiveness of 2 mg nicotine chewing-gum as an aid to stopping smoking was compared with a placebo containing 1 mg nicotine, but unbuffered, in a double-blind randomised trial. Of 58 subjects given the active gum, 27 (47%) were not smoking at one-year follow-up compared with 12 (21%) of the 58 subjects treated with placebo (p less than 0.025). By the most stringent criterion of outcome, 1...

OBJECTIVE To assess the need for, and potential uptake of, a contraceptive service within a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic. METHODS 544 women, median age 17 years (range 13-54) including 142 teenagers, attending the Fife GUM clinics serving a semirural population of 350,000 for the first time in the 12 month period from 1 September 1995 to 31 August 1996 were interviewed. RESULTS Contr...

The present work is the first part of a comprehensive study on the use of guar gum to improve delivery of microscale zero-valent iron particles in contaminated aquifers. Guar gum solutions exhibit peculiar shear thinning properties, with high viscosity in static conditions and lower viscosity in dynamic conditions: this is beneficial both for the storage of MZVI dispersions, and also for the in...

In the attempt to lower the sugar consumption in population is to exchange the number of sugar sweeteners which manufacture produced for used in foods, drinks and candy with non-sugar sweetener as xylitol. Xylitol is effective as noncariogenic substitutes for use in place of glucose. Objectives: A clinical trial was carried out to investigate the effect of sugar candy containing xylitol inhibit...

OBJECTIVES To determine the safety and efficacy of the nicotine patch and gum for adolescents who want to quit smoking. DESIGN Double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, 3-arm trial with a nicotine patch (21 mg), nicotine gum (2 and 4 mg), or a placebo patch and gum; all participants received cognitive-behavioral group therapy. SETTING Inner-city, outpatient clinic on the East Coast. Subjects....

The apparent viscosity (pseudoplastic viscosity) of mucilage of leucaena seed gum was calculated, based on flow curves, obtamed With multiple point viscometer. Attempts were made to correlate the various rheological properties, describIng the_ overall flow behaviOur of gum, with their concentrations. The relationship between N(exponential constant) and concentration was found to be a zero order...

Our data and that of researchers in the area clearly provide evidence for nicotine-specific withdrawal and its relief with nicotine gum. In addition, outcome efficacy is enhanced when nicotine gum is combined with behavioral treatment. Nicotine gum appears to be valuable both as a systematic tool and as a means of combatting short- and long-term nicotine seeking that contribute to maintenance o...

1. Simple gastric cannulas were surgically fitted to four pigs, initially of 30 kg live weight, to examine the effects of guar gum on gastric emptying. 2. Four semi-purified high-fat diets based on starch, casein, soya-bean oil and tallow were given to each pig. They contained 0 (control), 20, 40 or 60 g powdered guar gum/kg diet. The meals as fed contained 257 g dry matter (DM)/kg. 3. The cont...

   Prolonged residence of drug formulation in the nasal cavity is important for the enhancing intranasal drug delivery. The objective of the present study was to develop a mucoadhesive in-situ gelling nasal insert which would enable the reduced nasal mucociliary clearance in order to improve the bioavailability of metoclopramide hydrochloride. Metoclopramide hydrochloride is a potent antiemetic...

xanthan gum is an extracellular polysaccharide produced by various xanthomonas species such as x. campestris . the objective of present study was to investigate the influence of different carbon and nitrogen sources on xanthan gum production by x. campestris . using an experimental response surface methodology (rsm) complemented with a central composite design (ccd), the impact of peptone, lact...