Inosine, a naturally occurring purine, was long considered to be an inactive metabolite of adenosine. However, recently inosine has been shown to be an immunomodulator and anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this study was to determine whether inosine influences anti-inflammatory effects and affects the development of type 1 diabetes in murine models. Type 1 diabetes was induced either chemical...

The selective targeting of the tumor-associated death-inducing receptors DR4 and DR5 with agonistic mAbs has demonstrated preclinical and clinical antitumor activity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to this efficacy remain poorly understood. In this study, using the first described C57BL/6 (B6) TRAIL-sensitive experimental tumor models, we have characterized the inna...

In this paper, we propose to use an utterance length (duration) dependent threshold for rejecting an unknown input utterance with a general speech (garbage) model. A general speech model, comparing with more sophisticated anti-subword models, is a more viable solution to the utterance rejection problem for low-cost applications with stringent storage and computational constraints. However, the ...

There have been several advances in cardiac transplantation, but some problems remain. A major hurdle to long-term graft survival is the problem of chronic rejection or graft atherosclerosis which occurs in 30% to 60% of transplant patients within five years. In the Western world a significant imbalance between demand and supply for heart transplants exists; as a consequence, over 20% of patien...

There is increasing evidence for an important pathogenetic role of alloantibodies in acute renal allograft rejection. Acute humoral rejection (AHR) has been reported to be associated with a poor transplant survival. Although treatment modalities for cellular rejection are fairly well established, the optimal treatment for AHR remains undefined. Ten of 352 kidney allograft recipients transplante...

Lung transplantation can be a life-saving procedure for those with end-stage lung diseases. Unfortunately, long term graft and patient survival are limited by both acute and chronic allograft rejection, with a median survival of just over 6 years. Immunosuppressive regimens are employed to reduce the rate of rejection, and while protocols vary from center to center, conventional maintenance the...

BACKGROUND Cytotoxic nitric oxide (NO) is produced during ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute and chronic rejection in allografts by expression of inducible (i) NO synthase (NOS). Therefore, continuous inhibition of iNOS may prevent early graft dysfunction and immune injury (rejection) and consequently improve graft survival. FR260330 is a potent and selective inhibitor of iNOS activity that ...

Experimental pulmonary metastases have been successfully treated by adoptive transfer of tumor-sensitized T cells from perforin knockout (KO) or Fas/APO-1 ligand(KO) mice, suggesting a prominent role for secretion of cytokines such as IFN-gamma. In the present study we confirmed that rejection of established methylcholanthrene-205 (MCA-205) pulmonary metastases displayed a requirement for T cel...