Ethnic diversity is generally associated with less social capital and lower levels of trust. However, most empirical evidence for this relationship is focused on generalized trust, rather than more theoretically appropriate measures of groupbased trust. This paper instead evaluates the relationship between ethnic diversity – at both national and local levels – and the degree to which coethnics ...

It was attempted to locate dimensions of sense of humour in the attitude space. While previous results suggest that appreciation of jokes based on the incongruity-resolution structure is mainly a function of conservatism, the present paper examined the role of toughmindedness, as the second dimension in the attitude space. Subjects were 115 male and female students. Four conservatism questionna...

In four experiments, it was demonstrated that the expression of racial stereotyping and prejudice is highly affected by perceptions about the extent to which stereotypic beliefs are consensually shared by members of relevant reference groups. Providing feedback that others held more favorable beliefs toward African Americans than individuals originally estimated increased the expression of posi...

Disagreement on which theory of collective behavior best predicts or explains how crowd processes work prompted this case study. By closely examining, through participant observation, the unfolding of one episode of nonviolent collective behavior at a professional football game, four frequently applied theories of collective behavior are tested for their utility in sports crowd situations. Each...

This study examined the relationship between self-deception and religiosity in two different samples: (1) fifty members of a non-denominational church, and (2) 54 students at a state university. The participants responded to Allport and Ross (1967) Religious Orientation Scale and the Paulhus (1984, 1998) Deception Scale. The results indicated that the nature of the relationship depends upon at ...

In three samples containing Buddhist and Christian participants from several nations, participants of both religions manifested a generally similar relationship between religiosity and intolerance. In all three samples, devotional religiosity (e.g. prayer frequency, faith devotion), was strongly correlated with coalitional religiosity (e.g. organized religious attendance, fundamentalism). Yet d...

It is known that many soil fungí synthesize brown, large aromatic polymers (fungal melanins), chemically related to soil humic acids (Martin and Haider, 1971; Schnitzer and Neyroud, 1975). Since the chemical constituents (or at least, their degradation products) and the physicochemical properties of fungal melanins are comparable to those of humic acids, it is possible that fungal metabolism ma...

Attitudes guide behavior. The socialcognitive approach to decision-making has been building on this assumption for almost a century (Allport, 1935). In this field, the model of reasoned action (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1974) was probably the most influential advance in describing the relation between attitudes and behavior. Accordingly, attitudes are the key predictor of behavioral intentions. They ...

People care passionately about some attitudes and consider them deeply important, and they accord no particular significance to other attitudes. In the current paper, we review the state of the psychological literature on attitude importance. We consider the factors that cause people to attach importance to some attitudes but not to others, and we review the cognitive, affective, and behavioral...

This study investigates the structure of human values by means of a principal components analysis of the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). Despite sample, cultural and procedural differences, the results of this investigation show substantial agreement with those from Feather’s study (1991), which was replicated by the present investigation. Results indicate that one can go beyond the single items of...