This article explores area studies contributions to sociolinguistics by examining Sunni reformers’ use of the Arabic term al-qāida, or a ‘‘pragmatic base.” Material is drawn from an audiocassette collection formerly owned by Usāma Bin Lādı n. Divergent approaches to the qāida suggest that the term functions a base for many forms of spatial, temporal, social, and ethical orientation. Much of the...

The ambition of a character recognition system is to transform a text document typed on paper into a digital format that can be manipulated by word processor software Unlike other languages, Arabic has unique features, while other language doesn’t have, from this language these are seven or eight language such as ordo, jewie and Persian writing, Arabic has twenty eight letters, each of which ca...

In the past several years, Arabic Information Retrieval (IR) has garnered significant attention. The main research interests have focused on retrieval of formal language, mostly in the news domain, with ad hoc retrieval, OCR document retrieval, and cross-language retrieval. The literature on other aspects of retrieval continues to be sparse or non-existent, though some of these aspects have bee...

This paper presents a novel holistic technique for classifying Arabic handwritten text documents. The classification of Arabic handwritten documents is performed in several steps. First, the Arabic handwritten document images are segmented into words, and then each word is segmented into its connected parts. Second, several structural and statistical features are extracted from these connected ...

Text classification is the process of assigning a text or a document to various predefined classes or categories to reflect their contents. With the rapid growth of Arabic text on the Web, studies that address the problems of classification and segmentation of the Arabic language are limited compared to other languages, most of which implement word-based and feature extraction algorithms. This ...

Nowadays, many daily human activities such as education, trade, talks, etc are done by using the Internet. In such things as registration on Internet web sites, hackers write programs to make automatic false registration that waste the resources of the web sites while it may also stop it from functioning. Therefore, human users should be distinguished from computer programs. To this end, this p...