the issue of transmission of hadith, in western views, is an influential factor concerning the historical reliability of hadith. many western scholars dealing with muslim tradition assumed that in the main the hadith had been transmitted orally and consequently through the oral transmission process, it has been distorted and changed. the reason for this idea is the existence of some prophetic h...

This article opens the cycle of works timed to 200th anniversary Khusain Faizkhanov’s (1823–1866) birth and conceived review some aspects his life activity. Directly this work clarifies details biography offers a corrected assessment interactions with such prominent scholars as A. K. Kazembek Sh. Marjani, who played an important role in beginning career. Kh. communication during their stay Kazan...

By the time it had reached its zenith during the second-century of the Common Era, the Roman Empire had developed into one of the greatest civilizations the ancient world had ever known. Cities scattered across an imperial region that stretched from the North Sea to the Red Sea had flourished under a well-ordered governing body housed in Rome. These regional centers stood unfortified in the cou...

This report describes the detailed procedures for Western blot analysis using fluorescent antibodies. After electrophoresis and subsequent electroblotting, the fluorescent-labeled antibodies were visible upon ultraviolet illumination of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes and could then be photographed to give an accurate record of the blots. Fluorescent labeling allows for photographi...

Using artificial insemination we attempted to produce hybrids between captive, male, western, gray wolves (Canis lupus) and female, western coyotes (Canis latrans) to determine whether their gametes would be compatible and the coyotes could produce and nurture offspring. The results contribute new information to an ongoing controversy over whether the eastern wolf (Canis lycaon) is a valid uniq...

the research entitled “a comparative study of saadi’s golestan and samuel johnson’s rasselas” is based on the inclination of 18th century writer and theorist johnson on towards rich persian literature and outstanding resemblance of golestan and rassales from the structural, moral, philosophical points of view. the findings are based on two hypotheses: (1) has there been any basis for johnson’...

streptococcus iniae is a major cause of serious bacterial infections in both fish and human beings. capsular polysaccharide (cps) of s. iniae is vital to evade phagocytic clearance of the host and serves as an important protective antigen of s. iniae infection in aquatic animals. the cpsdgene was determined to be highly conservative in capsule polysaccharide operon. prokaryotic expression of th...

the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis, an important greenhouse pest, has acquired rapid resistance to the chemical pesticides. therefore, biological control is worth consideration as an alternative control method. among the biological control agents, entomopathogenic fungi showed to be quite successful in some occasions. in this study, three iranian isolates of metarhizium anisop...

studies on the biometric parameters of a species to have an important role in its population or stock management and conservation. present study investigated the morphometric, meristic, length-weight relation (lwrs), length-length relation (llrs) and growth status (k and kn) of the redline torpedo barb, p. denisonii collected during august 2012 to july 2013 from river valapattanam, kerala. the ...