Subsidies and Exports in Germany: First Evidence from Enterprise Panel Data We use newly available representative panel data for manufacturing enterprises in West and East Germany to investigate the link between production-related subsidies and exports. We document that only a small fraction of enterprises is subsidized, and that exports and subsidies are positively related. Using a matching ap...

November 2000 iv 6.2.4. Infrastructure..........................................................................101 6.2.5. Labour Skills Development ....................................................102 6.2.6 Land Reform..........................................................................103 6.2.6. SMME....................................................................................10...

There is general agreement that many, if not most, fisheries subsidies are detrimental to effective resource management. There is not, however, general agreement about subsidies used for decommissioning/buyback purposes. One school of thought argues that such subsidies can have a positive impact upon resource management, by removing excess fleet capacity from the fisheries. An opposing school o...

Water resources management reform in developing countries has tended to overlook community-based water laws, which govern self-help water development and management by large proportions, if not the majority, of citizens: rural, small-scale water users, including poor women and men. In an attempt to fill this gap, global experts on community-based water law and its interface with public sector i...

World trade talks have foundered recently, in part due to developing country demands that industrialised countries reduce their large farm support programmes to allow poor farmers in the global South to compete more fairly. But are subsidies really the problem? For some crops – most notably cotton and sugar – Northern subsidies clearly are a root cause of low international prices and unfair com...

This paper introduces a new type of R&D subsidy, which is conditional on the success of the R&D project. In a threestage model, the government chooses a subsidy(ies) in the first stage; in the second stage, a monopolist chooses R&D effort which determines the size or the probability of success of the R&D project; in the last stage, the firm chooses its output. It is found that conditional subsi...

Abstract In a 500-household pilot, we tested an innovative approach to water demand management, implemented in collaboration with utility large city the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We provided novel intervention, called Water Savings Credit (WSC), which granted participants volumetric rebates on their bills for reductions consumption. WSCs were effective at encouraging conservat...