Realistic explosion effects can enhance the realism and immersion in virtual battlefield. The real-time explosion effects simulation of the explosion products and their interactions, such as explosive fireball, explosive smoke and explosive ash, will be exploded into two phases: explosions and fuel modeling. The explosions modeling describe the formation and spreading of the explosive fireball....

Abstract. We study a colocated cell centered finite volume method for the approximation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations posed on a 2D or 3D finite domain. The discrete unknowns are the components of the velocity and the pressures, all of them colocated at the center of the cells of a unique mesh; hence the need for a stabilization technique, which we choose of the Brezzi-Pitkärant...

Auxiliary numerical projections of the divergence of flow velocity and vorticity parallel to magnetic field are developed and tested for the purpose of suppressing unphysical interchange instability in magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The numerical instability arises with equal-order C finiteand spectral-element expansions of the flow velocity, magnetic field, and pressure and is sensitive to b...

0 ∇ · e−(t−s)AP (u⊗ u)(s) ds, for prescribed initial velocity a(x) = (a1(x), . . . , an(x)), x = (x1, . . . , xn) ∈ n , and unknown velocity u(x, t) = (u1(x, t), . . . , un(x, t)). Here, A = −∆ is the Laplacian on n ; {e−tA}t 0 is the heat semigroup; P = (Pjk) is the bounded projection onto divergence-free vector fields; u ⊗ v is the matrix with entries (u ⊗ v)jk = ujvk; ∇ = (∂1, . . . , ∂n) wi...

In this work we present a mimetic spectral element discretization for the 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations that in the limit of vanishing dissipation exactly preserves mass, kinetic energy, enstrophy and total vorticity on unstructured grids. The essential ingredients to achieve this are: (i) a velocity-vorticity formulation in rotational form, (ii) a sequence of function spaces capabl...

Cultural divergence is incongruity in the values, attitudes and behaviors among different generations of a society. Identifying factors related to cultural divergence in the social values ​​of parents and children is one of the most important issues in Iranian society, which has been investigated in the present research through a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the study co...

A Cartesian grid method for computing flows with complex immersed, stationary and moving boundaries is presented. We introduce an augmented projection method for the numerical solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in arbitrary domains. In a projection method an intermediate velocity field is calculated from the momentum equations, which is then projected onto the space of diver...

Cell growth, division, and death are defining features of biological tissues that contribute to morphogenesis. In hydrodynamic descriptions of cohesive tissues, their occurrence implies a nonzero rate of variation of cell density. We show how linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics allows us to express this rate as a combination of relevant thermodynamic forces: chemical potential, velocity diverg...

PURPOSE To characterize eye movements made by patients with intermittent exotropia when fusion loss occurs spontaneously and to compare them with those induced by covering 1 eye and with strategies used to recover fusion. DESIGN Prospective study of a patient cohort referred to our laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen patients with typical findings of intermittent exotropia who experienced fre...

We study the homogenization limit of solutions to the G-equation with random drift. This Hamilton-Jacobi equation is a model for flame propagation in a turbulent fluid in the regime of thin flames. For a fluid velocity field that is statistically stationary and ergodic, we prove sufficient conditions for homogenization to hold with probability one. These conditions are expressed in terms of tra...