This article considers the concept of Competence as applied to educational theory and policy, illuminates possibility significant variations in meaning. Referring Wittgenstein’s distinctions between transitive intransitive uses notions Holland’s description mastery, argues favour two senses which someone can be described being competent: i) expressive a value judgment; ii) pointing person’s (fo...

Understanding the distinction between impressions and ideas that Hume draws in the opening paragraphs of his A Treatise on Human Nature is essential for understanding much of Hume’s philosophy. This, however, is a task that has been the cause of a good deal of controversy in the literature on Hume. I here argue that the significant philosophical and exegetical issues previous treatments of this...

In any system for Natural Language Processing having a dictionary, the question arises as to whiclh entries are included in it. In this paper, I address the subquestion as to whether a lexical unit having two senses should be considered ambiguous or vague with respect to them. The inadequacy of some common strategies to answer this question in Machine Translation (MT) systems is shown. From a s...

Distinction: Selected as one of 13 Highest Value Hospitals by the Leapfrog Group in 2008, based on efficiency scores taking into account the quality of care as well as resource utilization, among nearly 1,300 hospitals reviewed. Received a top efficiency score for three of four conditions/procedures examined (coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous coronary interventions, and pneumonia care)...

In Sorani Kurdish, one of the most useful orthographic features in named-entity recognition – capitalization – is absent, as the language’s Perso-Arabic script does not make a distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters. We describe a system for deriving an inferred capitalization value from closely related languages by phonological similarity, and illustrate the system using several re...

This article argues that the ordinary/extraordinary distinction has little or no moral value when preservation of life is not given a near absolute status. What is appealed to instead is a determination of both medical and moral duties, upon which appropriate treatment decisions should be based. Included is a partial delineation of those duties.

This study develops a typology of coopetition in value networks, wherein a distinction is made based on two factors. Firstly, whether coopetition takes place inside a particular value network (i.e., intra-value network coopetition) or between value networks (i.e., inter-value network coopetition); and secondly, whether the nature of collaboration is focused on value leveraging or value co-creat...

the idea that the distinction of sciences has to be based on topics is facing serious criticisms and objections, since both arguments of the followers of this approach are violable and the history of science is replete with many examples that do not fit into this tight framework. this issue prompted some scholars such as muḥaqqiq khurāsānī to move toward distinction based on objective. this app...