Two different approaches were employed to examine the possible urine storage and ionoregulatory functions of the urinary bladder in vivo in the freshwater trout. An indirect approach, using non-catheterized fish, involved 'spot sampling' from the bladder to determine urine composition and measurement of PEG-4000 release into surrounding water to quantify urination events. The direct approach em...

The associations between Bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure and reproductive hormone levels among women are unclear. A cross-sectional study was conducted among female workers from BPA-exposed and unexposed factories in China. Women's blood samples were collected for assay of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β-Estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), and progesterone (PROG). Thei...

This study assessed the applicability of serum and urine cotinine as a biochemical marker of self-reported smoking habits for use in a preconceptional smoking cessation program. The variation of serum and urine cotinine over the course of the day was investigated in a sample of 21 smokers and 8 passive smokers who reported their smoking habits and exposure to smoke daily in a questionnaire for ...

objective(s): in recent years, there has been an increasing amount of study on early diagnosis of kidney injury through sensitive and specific biomarkers. we examined the practical applicability of the urinary levels of nag (n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase), ap (alkaline phosphatase), and ldh (lactate dehydrogenase) as renal dysfunction screening biomarkers in full and pre-term newborns treated wi...

background maintenance of the adequate intraoperative renal perfusion is very important during orthotopic liver transplantation (olt) to prevent acute renal failure. objectives for the first time, this study was designed to survey the effects of octreotide on urine output during anesthesia for olt and early postoperative renal function. patients and methods in this randomized double-blind place...

there are several problems associated with the use of indwelling urethra catheters, including urinary tract infections and mechanical problems. infections have been well researched but mechanical problems associated with blockage, leakage of urine and general discomfort have been less investigated. although education of patients and carers on the use of catheters has been recommended, in practi...

A urinary catheter is an indispensable tool use in patient’s care. The study is a descriptive study aimed at examining the relationship of factors such as sex, age, volume of urine inside drainage bag, and catheter related factors with the development of urinary tract infection and also to determine the organism responsible for urinary tract infection among catheterized patients. 57 patients we...

Urine has evolved as one of the most important biofluids in clinical proteomics due to its noninvasive sampling and its stability. Yet, it is used in clinical diagnostics of several disorders by detecting changes in its components including urinary protein/polypeptide profile. Despite the fact that majority of proteins detected in urine are primarily originated from the urogenital (UG) tract, d...

The Diaslide urine culture device consists of a hinged case containing two opposing agar media separated by a sampler with a handle at one end and two bent sampler tips at the opposite end. The tips of the sampler are first dipped into the urine. The sampler is then pulled out through the casing, simultaneously inoculating both agar surfaces with a streaking dilution. As a result, individual co...

In previous work on antennal gland function in Crustacea the study of reabsorption of organic materials from the urine has been confined entirely to a consideration of carbohydrates, particularly glucose. For reviews of this earlier work, see Martin (1957) and Parry (i960). In Carcinus, as in other decapods, glucose is removed by active transport from urine passing through the antennal gland, t...