Particle size dictates where aerosolized pathogens deposit in the respiratory tract, thereafter the pathogens potential to cause disease is influenced by tissue tropism, clearance kinetics and the host immunological response. This interplay brings pathogens into contact with a range of tissues spanning the respiratory tract and associated anatomical structures. In animal models, differential de...

BACKGROUND To date, topical therapies guarantee a better delivery of high concentrations of pharmacologic agents to the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). The use of topical drugs, which are able to reduce mucosal inflammation and to improve healing tissues, can represent a relevant therapeutic advance. Topical sodium hyaluronate (SH) has recently been recognized as adjuvant treatm...

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease which rarely involves the upper respiratory tract, leading to hoarseness, dysphagia, laryngeal paralysis, and upper airway obstruction. The Waldeyer's ring involvement in sarcoidosis is also very rare. In this article, we report a 32-year-old male case in whom a nasopharyngeal mass was detected based on the Waldeyer's ring involvement due to sarcoidosis.

This study was performed to determine the value of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides and mild-to-moderate pulmonary involvement. Included in the study were 19 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and six patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) with evidence of active pulmonary disease but without gross paren...

Small airways diseases are not uncommon in childhood. They account for about 28.4% of hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections in South West Nigeria, most of which are due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Noninfectious causes of small airways diseases, on the other hand, are poorly recognized and rarely feature in the differential diagnoses of chronic/recurrent ...

1320 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 8, August 2009 ed in 7 patients; 5 were co-infected with HBoV (2 patients had LRTIs, 2 had upper respiratory tract infections, and 1 had undefined symptoms), and 2 were co-infected with RSV (both patients had symptoms of LRTIs). Of the other 3 patients co-infected with HRV and HBoV, 1 was infected with HRV-B (had LRTI), 1 with H...

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is associated with abnormalities in the structure of a function of motile cilia, causing impairment of muco-ciliary clearence, with bacterial overinfection of the upper and lower respiratory tract (chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease), heterotaxia (situs abnormalities), with/without congenital heart disease, abnormal sperm motility with male infertility, higher f...