although vast differences in standard of living exist among the native-born residents of Chinese cities, the distinction between all urban natives and rural migrants runs deeper. it is, in fact, the fundamental social division in Chinese cities for several reasons, including labor market segmentation that sees migrants doing dirty, dangerous, and low-paying work; institutional rules that favor ...

The ability to recognize analogies is an important factor that is closely related to human intelligence. Verbal analogies have been used for evaluating both examinees at university entrance exams as well as algorithms for measuring relational similarity. However, relational similarity measures proposed so far are confined to measuring the similarity between pairs of words. Unfortunately, such p...

BACKGROUND Academic failure of medical and medical sciences students is one of the major problems of higher education centers in many countries. This study aims to collect and compare relevant researches in this field in Iran. METHODS The appropriate keywords were searched in the national and international databases, and the findings were categorized into related and non-related articles acco...

We have been developing an automated Japanese shortanswer scoring and support machine for the new National Center written test exams. Our approach is based on the fact that accurately recognizing textual entailment and/or synonymy has been almost impossible. The system generates automated scores on the basis of evaluation criteria or rubrics, and human raters revise them. The system determines ...

We obtain sharp bounds for the number of n–cycles in a finite graph as a function of the number of edges, and prove that the complete graph is optimal in more ways than could be imagined. We prove sharp estimates on both ∑n i=1 x k i and ∑n i=1 |xi|, subject to the constraints that ∑n i=1 x 2 i = C and ∑n i=1 xi = 0. Introduction This note was inspired by the following question, which had been ...

Over the years, various grading systems have been used for university and university college exams. In 2003, a grading scale from A to F was introduced for most university disciplines in Norway, a scale which is widely used in other countries, including in medicine. In recent years, however, medical students in Oslo, Trondheim and Tromsø have only received the grades «pass» or «fail». In Oslo, ...

This paper compares the allocative properties of markets and exams in an environment in which students di¤er in wealth and ability and schools di¤er in quality. In the presence of borrowing constraints, exams are shown to dominate markets in terms of matching e¢ ciency. Whether aggregate consumption is greater under exams than under markets depends on the power of the exam technology; for a su¢...

background and purpose: considering the importance of comprehensive basic sciences exams in determining the academic level of medical students, this study was done to find the correlation between personal and academic characteristics of medical students entered the medical faculty of kermanshah university in 1379 and the results of the 28 th   comprehensive basic medical sciences exam. methods:...