The role of exosomes and how they act at the tumour site are subjects growing study. These macrovesicles can be formed by a variety cell types, including immunological mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In particular, exosome synthesis tumor is crucial because these transported blood to distant organs enhance probability spread. Exosomes may have tumor-inhibiting effects depending on kind source, d...

Objective(s): Apoptotic effect of apoptin has been demonstrated in numerous studies. However, its tumor specificity has been questioned by some reports. The aim of this study was to confine the expression of apoptin in the prostate tumor cells by inducing its gene expression under the control of a chimeric enhancer composing of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and prostate-specific ant...

breast cancer  patients  are  susceptible to  infections such  as  candidiasis. due  to  the importance and the role of matrix metalloproteinases (mmp) in breast cancer progression and its correlation with tumor metastasis, we analyzed the serum level of mmps -2, -3, -9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (timp-1) in breast cancer bearing mice in the presence of systemic candida ...

A probability-based robust control design methodology is presented that is applied to the \benchmark system," which is a highdelity model of an active-mass-driver laboratory structure. For the controller design, the objective is to maximize the probability that the uncertain structure/controller system achieves satisfactory performance when subject to uncertain excitation. The controller's robu...

The primary treatment of most sarcoma patients is surgery. The wider the excision, the lower the probability of local failure. For typical cases of non-CNS disease, adjuvant RT is offered in most cases in addition to surgery to optimize local control. However, bone and soft tissue sarcoma is historically considered a “radioresistant” tumor because conventionally fractionated radiation treatment...

Variation in the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) within the irradiation field of a carbon beam makes carbon-ion radiotherapy unique and advantageous in delivering the therapeutic dose to a deep-seated tumor, while sparing surrounding normal tissues. However, it is crucial to consider the RBE, not only in designing the dose distribution during treatment planning, but also in analyzing th...

This study aimed to determine the optimal fraction scheme (FS) in patients with small peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with the 4 × 12 Gy scheme as the reference. CT simulation data for sixteen patients diagnosed with primary NSCLC or metastatic tumor with a single peripheral lesion ≤3 cm were used in this study. Volumetric modulated...

The radiation killing of tumor cells by ionizing radiation is best described by the linear-quadratic (LQ) model. Research into the underlying mechanisms of α- and β-inactivation has suggested that different molecular targets (DNA in different forms) and different microdosimetric energy deposits (spurs versus electron track-ends) are involved. Clinical protocols with fractionated doses of about ...

PURPOSE To examine the feasibility of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for post mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Fifteen PMRT patients previously treated at our clinic with helical tomotherapy (HT) were identified for the study. Planning target volumes (PTV) included the chest wall and regional lymph nodes. A systematic approach to constructing VMAT that met the cl...