Introduction: Today, with development of various industries, the adverse events originated from explosion and emission of toxic and chemical substances have increased. These events may cause serious environmental problems that threaten human health and safety. Therefore, knowledge about the risk of toxic substances from industrial facilities is essential. Although, chlorine is extensively uti...

Pipelines have been acknowledged as the most reliable, economic and efficient means for the transportation of gas and other commercial fluids such as oil and water. The designation of pipeline system as “lifelines” signifies that their operation is essential in maintaining the public safety and well being. A pipeline transmission system is a linear system which traverses a large geographical ar...

The ITE Project is a project that has 1800 km length and across the Turkey's land through east to west. The project of pipeline enters geographically from Iran to Doğubayazit (Turkey) in the east, exits to Greece from Ipsala province of Turkey in the west. This project is the one of the international projects in such scale that provides the natural gas of Iran and Caspian Sea through the Europe...

Leak detection is a very important step in the production and maintenance of oil and gas pipelines. It is needed to check tightness specifications and to ensure other installation specifications are fulfilled. In this paper some pipeline leak detection methodologies are studied to come up with a design structure that could ease pipeline leak detection and monitoring via Google earth. A common d...

The ductile fracture arrest may present supplementary requirement for selection of base material for most demanding steel welded structures. The most representative one with such requirement are gas pipelines. Therefore to ensure that the pipeline materials has adequate toughness to arrest a ductile fracture, the pipe material must be designed and tested in accordance with the specific procedur...

the composition of essential oil of leaves of the male and female shrubs of juniperus chinensis l. (growing in isfahan) was analyzed by gas choromatography(gc) and gc-mass spectrometery (ms). the main constituents of leaf oil of the male shrub were: bornyl acetate (26.1%), sabinene (18.3%), trans-sabinyl acetate (11.1%), myrcene (9.2%), limonene (6.1%), elemol (5.5%), α-cadinol (2.3%), δ-cadine...

The paper shows a comparison between two intervention methods for interconnecting gas transmission pipelines within natural system. One implies shutdown of pipelines, while the other one in-service pipelines. Each method is described in detail along with main technological issues, as well related advantages and disadvantages. procedures imply special working techniques such welding or hot tappi...

The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) was constructed between 1974 and 1977 in response to the 1973 oil crisis. It conveys oil from Prudhoe Bay in northern Alaska to the port of Valdez in the southeast, a distance of over 800 miles (1,300 km). Building the pipeline system meant dealing with a multiplicity of complex design and management decisions that involved engineering, environmental, pol...