Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that serves as an animal model for multiple sclerosis. Antigen-specific tolerance regimens, including oral tolerance, have been used prophylactically to prevent development of acute EAE as well as a number of other autoimmune diseases. Two mechanisms have been prop...

Peripheral tolerance to autoantigens is induced via suppression of self-reactive lymphocytes, stimulation of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Interleukin (IL)-27 induces tolerogenic DCs and Treg cells; however, it is not known whether IL-27 is important for tolerance induction. We immunized wild-type (WT) and IL-27 receptor (WSX-1) knockout mice with MOG35-55 for...

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a central mediator of inflammatory responses elicited by Toll-like receptor agonists, such as the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TNF-α is responsible for altering vascular permeability and activating infiltrating inflammatory cells, such as monocytes and neutrophils. Interestingly, TNF-α has also demonstrated the a...

Introduction: Ultra low dose (ULD) morphine induces hyperalgesia which is mediated by excitatory Gscoupled opioid receptors. This study was designed to investigate the development of tolerance to hyperalgesic effect of morphine. Also we attempt to seek possible similarity, in view of Gs proteins, between hyperalgesic effect of ULD and hyperalgesic effect after tolerance to HD. Method: Male ...

Since the initial description by Michaelis over a half century ago, of the effects of competition of antigens on the immune response (1), interest in this area has waxed and waned concomitant with the current views and interests of investigators in medicine and biology. Initially, workers were motivated in their studies by a practical purpose, since antigenic competition played a vital role in ...

This investigation focused on obtaining a further understanding of the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in tolerance induction. Hearts from C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice survived long-term when transplanted into BALB/c (H-2d) recipients treated with the tolerance-inducing regimen of anti-CD40L antibody (MR-1) plus donor-specific transfusion (DST). Grafts did not, however, survive long-term in (HO-1-/-) re...

Feeding of a protein antigen to normal adult mice results in systemic immunologic hyporesponsiveness (oral tolerance). Local mucosal cell mediated immunity is not usually elicited. The objectives of these experiments were to abrogate the induction of oral tolerance and concomitantly to induce a local mucosal cell mediated immune response in mice; and thereby to establish which facets of intesti...

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, is an animal model of paralyzing human disease, multiple sclerosis. EAE is readily induced by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) in mice transgenic for an alphabeta T cell receptor (TCR) that is specific for MBP. Subcutaneous injection of p17 (a peptide consisting of 17 NH2-terminal...

PURPOSE: The achievement of tolerance induction in Vascularized composite allografts (VCA) could potentially enhance the quality of life for patients with severe facial or extremity injuries while avoiding the risk of immunosuppression. The achievement of tolerance would help transitioning VCA from an experimental to a routine practice worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate str...

The LD and SD antigens of the major histocompatibility complex subserve differential roles in the induction of the proliferative phase in mixed lymphocyte culture and in the cytotoxic reaction seen in cell-mediated lympholysis. The present study suggests that they also behave differently in the neonatal induction of tolerance. SD antigens appear to induce tolerance in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte...