Reasoning with conditional time-intervals representing activities or tasks that may or may not be executed in the final schedule is crucial in many scheduling applications. In Constraint-Based Scheduling, those problems are usually handled by defining new global constraints over classical integer variables. The approach described in this paper takes a different perspective by introducing a new ...

Policy persistence refers to the tendency of the political process to maintain policies once they have been introduced. This paper develops a theory of policy persistence based on the idea that policies create incentives for bene ̄ciaries to take actions which increase their willingness to pay for these policies in the future. The theory is used to show that policy persistence may lead to \polit...

It is not uncommon to see statistics texts argue that in frequentist theory one is faced with the following dilemma, either to deny the appropriateness of conditioning on the precision of the tool chosen by the toss of a coin, or else to embrace the strong likelihood principle which entails that frequentist sampling distributions are irrelevant to inference once the data are obtained. This is a...

— World Bank conditional loans might affect private investment in recipient countries not only through the funds they provide, but also via the policy conditions they include and the transfer of knowledge they imply. This work investigates the impact of these channels on private investment, considering also the particular effect of the formal commitment to reform, which necessarily comes along ...

Repayment versus Investment Conditions and Exclusivity in Lending Contracts Lenders condition future loans on some index of past performance. Typically, banks condition future loans on repayments of earlier obligations whilst international organizations (official lenders) condition future loans on the implementation of some policy action (‘investment’). We build an agency model that accounts fo...

The literature on technological expectations finds these to be performative: mobilising, coordinating and directing investment decision-making. Expectations can involve conditionality normative, empirical or realist; that is, they may concern what should happen is considered likely. also of a form involving conditionality. Here we examine the interrelated role conditional expectations, their fu...

EU enlargement process towards the Western Balkan countries has been in place since 2003 Thessaloniki summit. However, expected democratic transformation and fostering of rule law values have not become a reality, while conditionality criticized as ineffective achieving its goals. In parallel, struggling with backsliding internally, and, order to tackle this issue, developed multitude instrumen...