By Newell and Simon’s [NS81] definition, the semantics and pragmatics of a Physical Symbol System (PSS) are measured ecologically. To fund intelligence, then, some symbols within a PSS must refer to environmental features. To ground these symbols, a PSS must use sensors that gather environmental information for translation into symbolic form. When attempting to divine a PSS’s purpose, the engin...

Résumé. Les ontologies sont au coeur du processus de gestion des connaissances. Différentes mesures sémantiques ont été proposées dans la littérature pour évaluer quantitativement l’importance de la liaison sémantique entre paires de concepts. Cet article propose une synthèse analytique des principales mesures sémantiques basées sur une ontologie modélisée par un graphe et restreinte ici aux li...

The description of the developed algorithm for optimal symbol-by-symbol reception signal structures based on frequency-efficient signals with two-dimensional «constellations» intensively used in applications and block correction codes non-binary Galois fields is given. It shown that minimizes error probability code symbol or information bit contrast to well-known maximum likelihood rule which e...

Purpose This article introduces the Special Issue on Sustainable Management of Heritage Buildings in long-term perspective. Design/methodology/approach It starts by reviewing gaps knowledge and practice which led to creation implementation research project SyMBoL—Sustainable perspective funded Norwegian Research Council over 2018–2022 period. The SyMBoL is motivation at base this special issue....

Semiotic is study of sign. The signs deliver communicative message through verbal (gestures and utterance) or non-verbal information (body language) that leads viewers comprehend the well. Based on type, sign divided into three, they are icon, index symbol. This research analyzes three types sign, index, symbol cigarette advertisement. data this advertisements which consist 2 different brands f...

A scheme of multichannel adaptive turbo equalizer for large delay spread sparse underwater acoustic channel is presented, with a complexity of single DSP chip implementation. Channel equalizer without input of decoder’s soft information is structured as multichannel feed-forward (FF) filter with phase lock loop (PLL), and during iterative processing with decoder, an intersymbol interference can...

A symbol is a pattern (of physical marks, electromagnetic energy, etc.) which denotes, designates, or otherwise has meaning. The notion that intelligence requires the use and manipulation of symbols, and that humans are therefore symbol systems, has been extremely in uential in arti cial intelligence. keywords: symbol, reasoning, intelligence, representation, logic This article has two parts. W...