In this research, surface composite layers containing nano sized TiB2, Al2O3-TiB2, ZrO2 and CNT particles have been fabricated on Aluminum alloy substrates by friction stir processing. The effects of different processing variables such as number of passes and strengthening particle distribution, hardness, and wear properties of surface nano...

background: surface microhardness is a physical property which access the effect of chemical and physical agents on hard tissues of teeth, and a useful way to examine the resistance of fluoride treated enamel against caries. the purpose of this study was to evaluate microhardness of enamel following ph-cycling through demineralization and remineralization using suspensions of dentifrices with d...

the turbidity of sour orange juice after juice extraction affects on quality, shelf-life and concentration of juice. therefore, juice clarification is an important operation in the fruit processing industry. the goal of this study was evaluating the effect of membrane operation parameters including pressure (120-220 kpa) and temperature (25-35 ºc) on the permeate flux and hydraulic resistance o...

surface-piercing propellers (spps) have been widely used in high speed craft due to some desirable features such as high efficiency, omission of resistance of equipment attached to the propeller and proper functioning of cavitation. unlike the submerged propellers, theoretical methods have no significant application on simulation of sppsbecause of problems related to modeling of these propeller...

We observed that radio-frequency (rf) irradiation significantly enhances the c-axis resistance near and below the superconducting transition of the CuO2 layer in contact with a normal-metal electrode on the surface of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x single crystals. We attribute the resistance anomaly to the rf-induced charge-imbalance nonequilibrium effect in the surface CuO2 layer. The relaxation of the char...

Industrial applications require parts of components with specific surface properties such are good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and hardness. Alloys with those properties are usually very expensive and there is a great interest in reducing the cost of components for fulfilling these requirements. In this sense, laser surface processing has been used as a cost-effective technique to imp...

In order to improve the oxidation resistance of ferritic stainless steel, it is possible to deposit a protective coating on steel substrate. In this research through the usage of pack cementation method a coating of titanium was applied on the surface of AISI 430 stainless steel. Scanning Electron-Microscopy (SEM), Energy- Dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were us...

Antibiotic resistance is ancient and widespread in environmental bacteria. These are therefore reservoirs of resistance elements and reflective of the natural history of antibiotics and resistance. In a previous study, we discovered that multi-drug resistance is common in bacteria isolated from Lechuguilla Cave, an underground ecosystem that has been isolated from the surface for over 4 Myr. He...

The rovers, which some researchers and agencies are developing, have many functions to sense a lot of information from peculiar environments like the lunar surface for localization, path planning and so on. On rough terrain, without artificial ground maintenance, like the lunar surface, the rovers avoid obstacles by using sensors, which they have. However, if the rovers traverse loose soil, lik...

Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) has been used to study the surface compositions of three types of nickel based chromium alloys. These alloys are IN600, IN601 and C22. AES analysis indicated the presence of chromium and oxygen on their surfaces. The formation of this chromium oxide surface layer, 3 nm thick, provides excellent corrosion resistance. For alloy C22, no molybdenum was indicated on...