This two-part manuscript presents a comprehensive methodology for the irregularity assessment of urban stone pavements. The proper road surface using key performance indicators is necessary to plan appropriate maintenance strategies. However, there are no monitoring methods or evaluation criteria pavements whose surfaces more uneven than traditional ones due their structural characteristics. Th...

A method of mathematical modeling the ordered surface relief titanium alloy Ti6Al4V after femtosecond laser treatment is proposed, which allowed obtaining informative signs self-organized irregularities, taking into account stochastic and cyclic nature this process. An algorithm has been developed, a package computer programshas created based on proposed model. These methods make it possible to...

[1] Small-scale ionospheric irregularities and auroral precipitation are common features of the auroral ionosphere, but their spatial association has not been examined on global scales. In this paper, we compare electron and ion precipitation from individual passes of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft with concurrent observations of ionospheric irregularities and pl...

Understanding how the nervous system achieves reliable performance using unreliable components is important for many disciplines of science and engineering, in part because it can suggest ways to lower the energetic cost of computing. In vision, retinal ganglion cells partition visual space into approximately circular regions termed receptive fields (RFs). Average RF shapes are such that they w...

Despite significant efforts throughout the last decades, the mechanisms behind the formation of squats — a form of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage in rails — are not fully understood. Proposed causes of initiation involve, but are not limited to, small initial rail surface irregularities which yield high contact stresses, rail corrugation and varying friction conditions. To complicate matt...

The surface of gutta-percha cones was evaluated after using five different cutting methods, including a new TipSnip device. The gutta-percha cones were cut off using: 1) TipSnip, 2) a single cut with a scalpel blade using a gauge, 3) two cuts with a scalpel blade using a gauge, 4) a razor blade against a glass slab or 5) scissors. Samples were examined under stereomicroscopy and observed by thr...

Transmission electron microscopic studies of synthetic and natural monosodium urate crystals dried on formvar coated grids showed identical internal structures in all crystals. At higher magnification the crystals' surface showed angular or wavy irregularities, and more rarely some crystals appeared to have other tiny crystals on the surface. Protein-like surface coating was not observed except...