Purpose This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of Botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection into inferior oblique (IO) muscle for management unilateral acute acquired superior palsy (SOP) and evaluate changes in health-related quality life post-injection using Adult Strabismus-20 (AS-20) questionnaire. Methods prospective cohort was performed patients with SOP who received BTA injections. Four un...

The effects of fourth nerve palsy on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) had not been systematically investigated. We used the magnetic scleral search coil technique to study the VOR in patients with unilateral fourth nerve palsy during sinusoidal head rotations in yaw, pitch and roll at different frequencies. In darkness, VOR gains are reduced during incyclotorsion, depression and abduction of t...

PURPOSE To study the effect of surgery on amblyopia and suppression associated with congenital cyclovertical strabismus. METHODS The fixation pattern was investigated with microperimetry before and soon after surgery in ten consecutive children operated for congenital superior oblique palsy at the S. Martino Hospital, Belluno, Italy, between September 2014 and December 2015. Changes in visual...

Traumatic rupture of the superior oblique muscle is rare. We report a case of a 54-year-old man injured by the metal hook of a hanger, resulting in a rupture of the superior oblique muscle tendon. He complained of torsional diplopia when in the primary position. The distal margin of the superior oblique muscle was reattached to sclera 5 and 9 mm apart from the medial insertion of the superior r...

1) The author established the representation of the lower motor center of all the extrinsic ocular muscles by means of HRP labeling in the rat. 2) The muscles which are supplied by the neurons on both sides of the oculomotor nuclei are the levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, superior oblique and lateral rectus. 3) The muscles which ar...

PURPOSE To review the history of procedures used to strengthen the action of the superior oblique (SO) muscle and methods of quantifying surgical dosage and to determine the relationship between congenital onset and tendon laxity measured at the time of surgery. METHODS We reviewed medical records over a 10-year period of 30 patients who had undergone SO tendon tuck for SO muscle palsy using ...

The superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome was first described by Brown (I950), who noted that many cases of apparent congenital paresis of the inferior oblique muscle had restricted elevation in adduction on passive duction testing. At operation he observed thickening of the anterior part of the superior oblique tendon sheath, and whern this was stripped away a full range of passive movements...