The value of a reinforcer decreases as the time until its receipt increases, a phenomenon referred to as delay discounting. Although delay discounting of non-drug reinforcers has been studied extensively in a number of species, our knowledge of discounting in non-human primates is limited. In the present study, rhesus monkeys were allowed to choose in discrete trials between 0.05% saccharin del...

Speech is produced by exciting the vocal tract system by an excitation source. The excitation is significant at the instants of glottal closure. These instants of significant excitation are called Epochs. Epochs play a significant role in speech processing and is used are used in many applications. There are different methods for extraction of epochs from speech signal. In this paper we have di...

This paper presents a new approach to speed up the operation of time delay neural networks for fast detecting a word in a speech. The entire data are collected together in a long vector and then tested as a one input pattern. The proposed fast time delay neural networks (FTDNNs) use cross correlation in the frequency domain between the tested data and the input weights of neural networks. It is...

Children with a speech or language delay take longer to begin speaking than other children their age. This is different from a speech and language disorder, which occurs when the child’s speech and language development is not typical. Stuttering, lisping, or having trouble pronouncing words are examples of speech disorders. Some speech and language problems can make it hard for a child to learn...

Children born with palatal clefts are at risk for speech/language delay and speech problems related to palatal insufficiency. These individuals require regular speech evaluations, starting in the first year of life and often continuing into adulthood. The primary role of the speech pathologist on the cleft palate/craniofacial team is to evaluate whether deviations in oral cavity structures, suc...

Purpose The goal of this article is to introduce the pause marker (PM), a single-sign diagnostic marker proposed to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) from speech delay.

Delay discounting refers to the reduction of the value of a future reward as the delay to that reward increases. The rate at which individuals discount future rewards varies as a function of both individual and contextual differences, and high delay discounting rates have been linked with problematic behaviors, including drug abuse and gambling. The current study investigated the effects of acu...

Several algorithms for adaptive multichannel speech enhancement have been tested in an office room and in an anechoic chamber using different noise sources. Temporal synchronisation requires time delay estimation and compensation of the desired speech signal received at different sensors.