Speaking is one important skill in language learning. EFL students are sometimes faced with problems, while speaking to their interlocutors due to the lack of sufficient linguistic knowledge, and they have to quit the conversation. This study examines the use of speaking strategies by some Iranian male and female EFL university students .The use of these strategies was examined in relation to t...

the aim of the current study was to examine the effect of metacognitive instruction on efl learners’ metacognitive awareness of listening strategies, listening comprehension, and oral language proficiency. fifty students of two upper-intermediate english courses participated in the study and were sampled as the experimental and control groups. for sixteen weeks the experimental group participat...

the present research was an attempt to provide new evidence for the efficacy of task-based techniques to speaking proficiency development. the primary focus of the study was to investigate the effects of task-based techniques on speaking proficiency development. in the second place, it tried to scrutinize the effect of gender on speaking proficiency development under task-based principles of la...

the present study sought to investigate the acquisition of referential, quasi and expletive subject pronouns, three different types of obligatory subjects in english, by adult persian speaking l2 learners of english at different stages of l2 acquisition. a grammaticality judgment test and a translation test were designed and developed to elicit the participants' knowledge of obligatory subjects...

INTRODUCTION Acculturation may strongly influence use of or access to health services among Hispanics in the United States. We assessed the relationships between acculturation and use of oral health services among Hispanic adults in the United States. METHODS Data were analyzed from Hispanic adults aged 18 years or older who participated in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System....

Any time a young adult wants to begin lessons with a teacher of singing, it is essential that the teacher be aware of the limitations of the student's knowledge, training, and experience. If the singing or speaking voice of this young adult presents any evidence of being vocally disordered, singing instruction should not begin until that person has been examined by a laryngologist who is conver...

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the influence of age (adult vs. child) and length of residence (LOR) in an L2-speaking country (3 vs. 5 years) on degree of foreign accent in a second language (L2). Korean adults and children living in North America, and age-matched groups of native English (NE) adults and children, recorded English sentences in sessions held 1.2 years apa...

PURPOSE Although a growing body of literature has identified the positive effects of visual speech on speech and language learning, oral movements of infant-directed speech (IDS) have rarely been studied. This investigation used 3-dimensional motion capture technology to describe how mothers modify their lip movements when talking to their infants. METHOD Lip movements were recorded from 25 m...

Modern uses of the word literally are surveyed, and the solecistic misuse of this word as an expression of speaker commitment is shown to be a natural semantic extension of its basic metalinguistic meaning. The development appears to be typical of a large class of intensifiers, though it is argued that literally itself is only in the early stages of such an evolution. Aspects of this developmen...

Many have pondered the potential impact of Mendel's work if Darwin had come across it in his lifetime. Darwin found difficulty with a blending inheritance and natural selection but a new letter suggests he was grappling with a more modern view. Nigel Williams reports.