Central feedback of peripheral states of arousal influences motivational behavior and decision making. The sympathetic skin conductance response (SCR) is one index of autonomic arousal. The precise functional neuroanatomy underlying generation and representation of SCR during motivational behavior is undetermined, although it is impaired by discrete brain lesions to ventromedial prefrontal cort...

To understand complex regulatory processes in multicellular organisms, it is critical to be able to quantitatively analyze protein movement and protein-protein interactions in time and space. During Arabidopsis development, the intercellular movement of SHORTROOT (SHR) and subsequent interaction with its downstream target SCARECROW (SCR) control root patterning and cell fate specification. Howe...

To date, the tabular-based SCR (Software Cost Reduction) method has been applied mostly to the development of embedded control systems. This paper describes the successful application of the SCR method, including the SCR* toolset, to a di erent class of system, a COMSEC (Communications Security) device called CD that must correctly manage encrypted communications. The paper summarizes how the t...

As today’s supply chain (SC) networks are globalized complex systems planning and optimizing SC processes is harder than ever. Unexpected deviations and disruptions can lead to devastating and far-reaching consequences. Hence, the management of SC risk (SCR) is of fundamental importance. The literature on SCR is, however, mostly of anecdotic nature; only few authors present empirical research. ...

In order to enhance the applications of SCR devices for deep-submicron CMOS technology, a novel SCR design with “initial-on” function is proposed to achieve the lowest trigger voltage and the highest turn-on efficiency of SCR device for effective on-chip ESD protection. Without using the special native device (NMOS with almost zero or even negative threshold voltage) or any process modification...

BACKGROUND Renal dysfunction predicts mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. How renal dysfunction relates to hemodynamics and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a cohort study of 500 patients with World Health Organization group I PAH from 1982 to 2006 with data on demographics, comorbidities, medications, function...

The amygdala plays a crucial role in evaluating the emotional significance of stimuli and in transforming the results of this evaluation into appropriate autonomic responses. Lesion and stimulation studies suggest involvement of the amygdala in the generation of the skin conductance response (SCR), which is an indirect measure of autonomic activity that has been associated with both emotion and...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether upregulated p21, a cell cycle-inhibitory protein, contributes to cisplatin (CDDP)-induced acute renal failure (ARF) and to acquired resistance to rechallenge injury with CDDP in rats. ARF was induced in rats by injection of CDDP (5 mg/kg) and rechallenge injury to CDDP by the same dose of CDDP 14 days after the first CDDP injection. Rats were tr...

The infectivity of retroviruses such as HIV-1 in plasma or cultured media is less than 0.1% in general, the mechanisms of which are not yet fully understood. One possible explanation among others is the potential presence of large numbers of defective virions in a virus pool, which limits the apparent infectivity of HIV virions. To test this hypothesis, we have varied the culture conditions use...