In recent years, industry sponsorship of continuing medical education (CME) has grown rapidly and now accounts for up to 65% of the total revenue of CME programs in the United States.1,2 In Canada and the United States, national guidelines state that “independent” programs should maintain scientific objectivity and independence of content and receive commercial support only through unrestricted...

This article is intended to serve as a primer on methodological standards for gender scholars pursuing content analytic research. The scientific underpinnings of the method are explored, including the roles of theory, past research, population definition, objectivity/intersubjectivity, reliability, validity, generalizability, and replicability. Both human coding and computer coding are consider...

Continuing medical education (CME) of physicians, a life-long commitment, is one of the foundations of medical professionalism. This article outlines CME objectives and the regulatory framework through which it is delivered, addressing the safeguards against commercial intrusion and the preservation of scientific objectivity. The article also includes a brief review of the principles of adult l...

This paper addresses the intersection of computational analysis and musicological source studies. In musicology, scholars often find themselves in the situation where their methodologies are inadequate to achieve their goals. Their problems appear to be twofold: (1) the lack of scientific objectivity and (2) the over-reliance on new source discoveries. We propose three stages to resolve these p...

Decision making has always been a difficult process, based on various combinations if objectivity (when scientific tools were used) and subjectivity (considering that decisions are finally made by people, with their strengths and weaknesses). The IT revolution has also reached the areas of management and decision making, helping managers make better and more informed decisions by providing them...

The language of science should be objective and detached and should place data in the appropriate context. The aim of this commentary was to explore the notion that recent trends in the use of language have led to a loss of objectivity in the presentation of scientific data. The relationship between the value-laden vocabulary and impact factor among fundamental biomedical research and clinical ...

1. Experimental Reasoning and Reliability : Can generalizations and theoretical claims ever be warranted with severity? What is an argument from coincidence? Do experimental data so underdetermine general claims that warranted inferences are limited only to the specific confines in which the data have been collected? 2. Objectivity and Rationality : Must scientific progress and rationality be f...

Orthodontics had its beginnings in the time of the ancient Egyptians, who used crude metal bands and catgut, but it was not until the late 18th century that the first practical appliances came into use. These were fine-tuned during the early 1900s; today's mechanisms are merely refinements. Major changes occurred when practitioners--originally physicians--began turning their attention from cosm...

“The social distance built into current ways of looking at the human body — the view of an objective scientist looking at another bodily object that is clearly separate and distinct — will be expanded to include a new type of social connectedness, where two human beings will be able to share their commonly felt experiences at their social membrane. In the new clinic, immunization from the emoti...