legal protection of industrial property rights is constituted as an important indicator for the development of societies. to enter into the sphere of law, there should be a legal sanction to protect the right against infringement which is also the case in the law of industrial property. regarding the main legal sanctions as a whole and the industrial property rights in particular, one can menti...

this paper seeks to understand the politician economy implications of nicotine addiction in iran, focusing on the us office of foreign asset control’s (ofac) awarding of iran operations licenses to american tobacco companies. presuming that tobacco taxes, levied both as import duties and ad valorem, would financially benefit the iranian government, such the introduction of a highly desired us p...

Driving Forces Behind Informal Sanctions This paper investigates the driving forces behind informal sanctions in cooperation games and the extent to which theories of fairness and reciprocity capture these forces. We find that cooperators’ punishment is almost exclusively targeted towards the defectors but the latter also impose a considerable amount of spiteful punishment on the cooperators. H...

A field experiment was conducted to examine the influence of social sanctions and self-monitoring on willingness to help handicapped persons Compared to low self-monitonng individuals, those high in self-monitorlng tendencies were more likely to offer help if told that significant social rewards were attached to the act of helping, but were less likely to help if led to believe that these conse...

This study discusses the main issues: first, what is pattern of punishment for corporations that commit environmental crimes. Related to laws and regulations, in general, related this issue are administrative law criminal law. First, concept pollution damage by sanctions. Second, environment, including corporate acts field as stipulated provisions Law Number 32 2009 concerning Environmental Pro...

This paper surveys the persian monetary crises due to economic sanctions and speculative attacks that leads to high inflation. Economic sanctions are associated with various forms of trade barriers and restriction on financial transactions. Among the most influential sanctions on Iran's oil export and central bank sanctions are noted that their Aims to reduce Iran's oil revenues and Devaluation...

POLITICAL science has made valuable contributions to the progressive clarification of the concept of power since World War II. In view of the attention political scientists have traditionally lavished on the concept of power, it seems fitting that they should help clarify it. Thanks to the efforts of such men as Harold Lasswell and Robert Dahl, many political scientists today are keenly aware o...

This research attempts to examine the links between fluctuating oil prices, economic sanctions and the employment in the Libyan economy. In particular, this study attempts to answer the basic question whether UN’s resolutions number 748 (1992) of 31 March 1992 and oil price fluctuations have any significant influence on the employment in Libya. One of this study’s key findings is that fluctuati...