OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of pain severity, catastrophizing, anger, anxiety, and depression on nonspecific low back pain (LBP)-related disability in Spanish patients with chronic LBP. Study Design.  Cross-sectional correlation between psychological variables and disability. Methods.  One hundred twenty-three patients treated for chronic LBP in pain units within nine Spanish National He...

Two cases in which anginal pain was referred in part to a " phantom " left arm are here recorded as a contribution to the problem of the mechanism of referred pain. In both, (1) the left arm had been amputated more than 25 years before the onset of cardiac pain, (2) there was evidence, both clinical and cardiographic, of gross myocardial damage, and (3) the " phantom " component of the pain was...

Understanding and treating axial neck pain is both challenging and controversial. Axial neck pain is confined to the cervical, occipital or posterior scapular areas [1]. While axial neck pain typically does not radiate into the upper extremities, some patients may experience a component of referred pain to the proximal upper extremities. This should be distinguished from radicular pain, which t...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To assist a purchasing district in the planning of services for low back pain by assessing the prevalence of symptoms and the current involvement of primary, secondary, and complementary care in the treatment of low back pain. In the light of these findings, to assess further the potential impact of a new system of open access to physical therapy, as recommended by the British C...

BACKGROUND Myofascial pain (MP) is a common disorder that can involve any skeletal muscle in the human body. There are no published reports of the referred pain patterns of the third and fourth dorsal interosseous muscles. OBJECTIVE To investigate the referred pain patterns of the third and fourth dorsal interosseous muscles. STUDY DESIGN Prospective evaluation. SETTING Academic medical c...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT In a small prospective study assessing 10 symptomatic and 10 asymptomatic subjects, Schellhas et al. compared cervical discography to magnetic resonance imaging. Within that study he reported on the distribution of pain for the C3-C4 to C6-C7 levels. Four years later, Grubb and Ellis reported retrospective data from his 12-year experience using cervical discography from C2-C3...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of manual therapy and ultrasound (US) with manual therapy and placebo ultrasound (placebo US) in the treatment of new episodes of unilateral shoulder pain referred for physiotherapy. METHODS In a multicentre, double blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial, participants were recruited with a clinical diagnosis of unilateral shoulder pain from nine prim...

DESPITE Steindler's (1959) admirable lectures on the subject, pain in orthopiedic practice remains a difficult problem. To some extent the difficulty is exaggerated by the adoption of diagnoses based on pathological processes which are insusceptible of proof-diagnoses for which it is impossible to establish an association between symptoms and their alleged origin, let alone a direct causal link...