During whole body exercise in health, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) is typically attained at or immediately before the limit of tolerance (LoT). At the V̇o2max and LoT of incremental exercise, a fundamental, but unresolved, question is whether maximal evocable power can be increased above the task requirement, i.e., whether there is a "power reserve" at the LoT. Using an instantaneous switch fr...

This work studies the importance of correct selection control parameters in order to avoid unnecessary cycling batteries when they perform PV smoothing. The classic ramp-rate method (CRRC) is studied as smoothing technique and key role state charge (SOC) analyzed for a real 38.5 MW plant, particularly influence proportional gain ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" x...

INTRODUCTION The magnitude of the neural activation, and hence the force produced by a muscle, depend on the number of motor units activated (recruitment) and the rates at which motor neurons discharge action potentials (rate coding). Although the recruitment order of motor units (size principle) is similar for contractions during which the force is gradually increased (ramp contraction) and th...

Ramp meters in the Twin Cities have been the subject of a recent test of their effectiveness, involving turning them off for eight weeks. This paper analyzes the results with and without ramp metering for several representative freeways during the afternoon peak period. Seven performance measures: mobility, equity, productivity, consumers’ surplus, accessibility, travel time variation and trave...

Structure of the intermediate state in type-I superconducting lead (Pb) is shown to be very sensitive to the ramp rate of an applied magnetic field. The configurations of resulting static patterns depend sensitively on the shape of the specimen. In particular, geometric barrier, present in the samples with rectangular cross-section, plays an important role in determining the sharp boundary betw...

Decreasing bag limits is a management mechanism for enhancing size structure of Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. However, restrictive can promote culling, where an angler returns live fish to the water in exchange another. Little known about effect culling on ice-angled fishes. Our objective was compare effects confinement methods (reference, ice well, and bucket) holding durations (0, 1, 2, or 5 ...

* Work supported in part by U. S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 Abstract The concept for the new GSI accelerator facilities is based on a large synchrotron designed for operation at BR= 200 Tm and with the short cycle-time of about one second to achieve high average beam intensities. Superconducting magnets may reduce considerably investment and operating costs in co...

In their natural environment, cells need to extract useful information from complex temporal signals that vary over a wide range of intensities and time scales. Here, we study how such signals are processed by Escherichia coli during chemotaxis by developing a general theoretical model based on receptor adaptation and receptor-receptor cooperativity. Measured responses to various monotonic, osc...

Original scientific paper Economic Load Dispatch problem has been previously solved successfully with swarm techniques. However, power systems with complex behaviours still await a robust algorithm to be developed for their optimization more precisely. Economic Dispatch problem with constraints such as generator limits, total power demand, ramp rate limits and prohibited operating zones, makes ...