Abstract Macrophages are instrumental in maintaining immune homeostasis, and their dysfunction or depletion is tied to many human diseases, including autoimmunity, obesity, cancer. Activated macrophages modify cellular metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation, drive diverse functions. Many processes occur the mitochondria, metabolite production, reactive oxygen species (...

The quest of clean and sustainable energy has grown rapidly all over the world in recent years. Among renewable resources available, wind is considered one reliable, environmentally friendly, green fastest-growing source electricity generation. This generation accomplished through turbines. However, efficiency these turbines still very limited unsatisfactory. primary goal this study to evaluate...

In this paper we examine the impact of the combined state and federal mortgage interest tax subsidies to homeownership on homeownership attainment, using panel data from 1984 to 2007 and exploiting the fact that the value of these subsidies may vary by income group across states and over time and depending on local housing market conditions and lending standards. We also exploit the fact that h...

Microglia are the immune cells of the CNS. In the normal adult mammalian brain, the majority of these cells is quiescent and exhibits a ramified morphology. Microglia are perhaps best known for their swift transformation to an activated ameboid morphology in response to pathological insults. Here we have observed the responsiveness of these cells to events surrounding the normal activation of n...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper estimates the evolution of equilibrium real home prices ...

We present selected highlights from research that appeared during 2015 on Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Topics include phenomenology, comorbidities, developmental course, genetics, animal models, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and treatment. We briefly summarize articles whose results we believe may lead to new treatments, additional research or modifications in cur...

BACKGROUND While combination antiretroviral therapy has extended the life expectancy of those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there is a high prevalence of comorbidities that increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The side effects associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) lead to multiple metabolic disorders, m...

Differences in Quality of Life Estimates Using Rents and Home Values Quality of life differences across areas can be measured by differences in “real wages”, where real wages are computed as nominal wages adjusted for the cost of living. Computing cost of living differences involves several important issues, including how housing prices should be measured. Previous researchers typically have us...

This paper estimates the value of priority admission to primary schools with different academic reputations. For identification, it exploits a balloting rule governing primary one registration in Singapore. The rule creates a discontinuous change in admission probability at fixed distances from schools, in neighborhoods where government policies prevent drastic variations in ethnic composition ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the rationale, timeline, study design, and protocol overview of the Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest trials. DESIGN Multicenter randomized controlled trials. SETTING Pediatric intensive care and cardiac ICUs in the United States and Canada. PATIENTS Children from 48 hours to 18 years old, who have return of circulation after cardiac arrest, who ...