E the tension between theory and practice regarding complexity and performance in contract design is especially relevant. The goal of this paper is to understand why simpler contracts may commonly be preferred in practice despite being theoretically suboptimal. We study a two-tier supply chain with a single supplier and a single buyer to characterize the impact of contract complexity and asymme...

A multi-item multiperiod inventory control model is developed for known-deterministic variable demands under limited available budget. Assuming the order quantity is more than the shortage quantity in each period, the shortage in combination of backorder and lost sale is considered. The orders are placed in batch sizes and the decision variables are assumed integer. Moreover, all unit discounts...

Most manufacturers or retailers must procure items or services necessary for their businesses, in an environment that typically includes a number of competing suppliers with varying cost structures, price schemes, and capacities. In this paper, we consider the sourcing problem in which the buyer determines the sources that should be utilized and to what extent, in turn, dictating the total quan...

We study the Capacitated Supplier Selection problem with Total Quantity Discount policy and Activation Costs, a procurement problem where a company needs a certain quantity of different products from a set of potential suppliers, and introduce its variant under uncertainty. In its deterministic form, the problem aims at selecting a subset of the suppliers and the relative purchasing plan satisf...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to provide an overview about the existence and types of discounts and rebates granted to public payers by the pharmaceutical industry in European countries. METHODS Data were collected via a questionnaire in spring 2011. Officials from public authorities for pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement represented in the PPRI (Pharmaceutical Pricing and R...

A supply chain consisting of a single-supplier and a single-buyer is modeled and compared in two different modes: non-coordinated and coordinated. The model is established based on the fact that the demand is uncertain and shortages are considered as lost sales. The buyer’s order lead time is a nonlinear function of the buyer’s order size and the number of shipments from the supplier. Quantity ...

and Applied Analysis 3 Table 1: Comparison between the papers discussing integrated inventory model with a trade credit. Author s Demand rate Production rate Production/purchase cost Freight rate Wholesale price Abad and Jaggi 39 Retail price sensitive Constant Constant — Constant Jaber and Osman 40 Constant — — — Constant Yang and Wee 41 Retail price sensitive — Constant — Constant Sheen and T...

ABSTRACT
 
 The purpose of the study is to find out: (1) effect Shope Discounts on buying interest in Sragen City, (2) Effect Product Quality at Shopee, (3) Price interest, (4) Discounts, quality and prices Shopee. This a quantative with data obtained by as many 100 respondents from questionnaire. conclusions this are: results t test (partial) show that discounts product have signific...

We study the effects of exclusionary contracts and market-share discounts (i.e., discounts conditioned on the share a firm receives of the customer’s total purchases) in an adverse selection model where firms supply differentiated products and compete in non-linear prices. We show that exclusionary contracts intensify the competition among the firms, increasing consumer surplus, improving effic...