COMMUNITY EYE HEALTH JOURNAL | VOLUME 29 | NUMBER 96 | 2016 • Snellen chart for far vision • Pen torch for pupil reaction • Occluder for cover testing • Red probe or red mydriatic bottle top for colour desaturation testing • Direct ophthalmoscope for fundoscopy Also useful: • Ruler for lid function and pupil diameter • Cotton wool and office pin for sensation testing • Pseudo-isochromatic plate...

In their recent paper, Ortiz et al. studied the optical performance of monofocal and multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) in the human eye. Their main conclusion was that of the IOLs studied, the hybrid refractive–diffractive IOLwas the least affected by pupil diameter in terms of intraocular aberrations. This IOL type also showed a smaller increase in optical aberrations during pupil dilation....

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of oral administration of diphenhydramine on pupil diameter, intraocular pressure (IOP), tear production, tear film quality, corneal sensitivity, and conjunctival goblet cell density (GCD) in clinically normal adult dogs. ANIMALS 12 healthy adult dogs. PROCEDURES All dogs received diphenhydramine (2.2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 21 days. Conjunctival biopsy samp...

Using an improved Sternberg working memory paradigm and affective pictures of different valences, this study investigates the emotional experience capability of 22 first-onset and untreated major depressive disorder patients (MDD) compared with the matching 22 healthy control participants (HC) and whether there is a moodcongruent working memory effect. We employed a general linear model analysi...

We investigated the dynamics of accommodative and pupillary responses to random-dot stereograms presented in crossed and uncrossed disparity in six visually normal young adult subjects (mean age=25.8±3.1 years). Accommodation and pupil measures were monitored monocularly with a custom built photorefraction system while subjects fixated at the center of a random-dot stereogram. On each trial, th...

PURPOSE To determine the distribution of anterior eye biometry indices, such as keratometry pachymetry, anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupil diameter, and corneal diameter, as measured by Orbscan instrument in a young Iranian population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, and subjects were selected through multistage cluster sampling from the students of Mashhad University of Medic...

PURPOSE We determined the relative contributions of rods, cones, and melanopsin to pupil responses in humans using temporal sinusoidal stimulation for light levels spanning the low mesopic to photopic range. METHODS A four-primary Ganzfeld photostimulator controlled flicker stimulations at seven light levels (-2.7 to 2 log cd/m(2)) and five frequencies (0.5-8 Hz). Pupil diameter was measured ...

Ophthalmic instrumentation equipped with adaptive optics offers the possibility of rapid and automated correction of the eye's optics for improving vision and for improving images of the retina. One factor that limits the widespread implementation of adaptive optics is the cost of the wave-front corrector, such as a deformable mirror. In addition, the large apertures of these elements require h...

While judging their sensory environments, decision-makers seem to use the uncertainty about their choices to guide adjustments of their subsequent behaviour. One possible source of these behavioural adjustments is arousal: decision uncertainty might drive the brain's arousal systems, which control global brain state and might thereby shape subsequent decision-making. Here, we measure pupil diam...

This paper provides the first detailed description of the time courses of light-evoked pupillary constriction for two species of cephalopods, Sepia officinalis (a cuttlefish) and Eledone cirrhosa (an octopus). The responses are much faster than hitherto reported, full contraction in Sepia taking less than 1 s, indicating it is among the most rapid pupillary responses in the animal kingdom. We a...