the aim of this paper is to design a fractional order sliding mode controllers (fosmc)for a class of dc-dc converters such as boost and buck converters. firstly, the control lawis designed with respect to the properties of fractional calculus, the design yields an equiv-alent control term with an addition of discontinuous (attractive) control law. secondly, themathematical proof of the stabilit...

A renewable energy source plays an important role in electricity generation. Various renewable energy sources like wind, solar, geothermal, ocean thermal, and biomass can be used for generation of electricity and for meeting our daily energy needs. Energy from the sun is the best option for electricity generation as it is available everywhere and is free to harness. On an average the sunshine h...

BACKGROUND Breast conserving surgery followed by whole breast irradiation is widely accepted as standard of care for early breast cancer. Addition of a boost dose to the initial tumor area further reduces local recurrences. We investigated the dosimetric benefits of a simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) compared to a sequential boost to hypofractionate the boost volume, while maintaining norm...

AIM The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of using Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB) radiotherapy for thyroid cancer treatment. BACKGROUND At our hospital a 3D Conformal RadioTherapy (3D-CRT) technique involving photon and electron beams for the treatment of thyroid cancer was often used.(1) High dose to the spinal canal was limiting the total dose of such a treatment. Aft...