A retrospective analysis of the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in Finland in 1981-1986 was carried out by careful examination of medical records identified from nationwide Hospital Discharge Register data based on a mean total population of 5 million people. Records from 247 patients fulfilled the accepted criteria of GBS corresponding to a mean annual incidence of 0.82 per 100,000 ...

Nonviable poliovirus capsid mutants were studied by an efficient infection-transfection system. Phenotypically, nonviable poliovirus capsid mutants appear to segregate into three classes: those that form only protomers, those that can form pentamers, and one that can form completed virions.

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is efficacious against paralytic disease, but its effect on mucosal immunity is debated. We assessed the efficacy of IPV in boosting mucosal immunity. Participants received IPV, bivalent 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV), or no vaccine. A bOPV challenge was administered 4 weeks later, and excretion was assessed 3, 7, and 14 days later. Nine hundred and ...

SUMMARY A number of recent reports concerning the inhibitory action of sulphated polysaccharides on d strains of poliovirus prompted a reinvestigation of the factors involved. It was found that polyglucose compounds in agar are not released in concentrations sufficient to inhibit viruses under the overlay conditionsused for suppressing d strains of poliovirus. Furthermore, sulphated polyanions ...

BACKGROUND To understand immunological responses in chimpanzees vaccinated with live-attenuated vaccine (oral polio vaccine; OPV), serum neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were investigated over time. METHODS The neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were determined by microneutralization test using 100 ID(50) of poliovirus types 1, 2, and...

Cell-free protein-synthesizing systems that initiate on endogenous messenger RNA have been developed from uninfected and poliovirus-infected HeLa cells. Poliovirus double-stranded RNA is an effective inhibitor of protein synthesis in these extracts, and both cell-directed and virus-specific protein synthesis are equally sensitive to the inhibitory action of double-stranded RNA. The concentratio...

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors in children. Treatment is of limited utility for high-risk neuroblastoma and prognosis is poor. Resistance of neuroblastoma to conventional therapies has prompted us to search for a novel therapeutic approach based on genetically modified polioviruses. Poliovirus targets motor neurons leading to irreversible paralysis. Neurovirulence can be a...

THIS is the sixth report of the Virus Reference Laboratory and, as in previous reports, only the more interesting and rewarding aspects of the work will be presented. POLIOMYELITIS. Laboratory Diagnosis. During 1962 there were thirty-one cases of paralytic poliomyelitis in Northern Ireland, including one death, giving an attack rate of 2.2 per 100,000 of the population. Type 1 poliovirus was is...

Poliovirus RNA replication occurs on the surface of membranous vesicles that proliferate throughout the cytoplasm of the infected cell. Since at least some of these vesicles are thought to originate within the secretory pathway of the host cell, we examined the effect of poliovirus infection on protein transport through the secretory pathway. We found that transport of both plasma membrane and ...

Skeletal muscle injury is known to predispose its sufferers to neurological complications of concurrent poliovirus infections. This phenomenon, labeled "provocation poliomyelitis," continues to cause numerous cases of childhood paralysis due to the administration of unnecessary injections to children in areas where poliovirus is endemic. Recently, it has been reported that intramuscular injecti...