We have developed a finite element model of convection in a spherical, axisymmetric shell that we use to simulate upwelling thermal plumes in the mantle. The finite element method provides the flexibility to include realistic properties such as temperature-dependent viscosity, the focus of this paper. We used this model to investigate the effect of temperature-dependent viscosity on the structu...

A coupled circulation-and-ecosystem model, developed as part of the RISE (River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems) program, is used to examine the role of the Columbia River plume in shaping broad patterns of nutrient flux and primary production on the Washington and Oregon coasts. Realistic simulations of summer 2004 and 2005 in ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) are forced by winds from the M...

Earth’s interior is like a pot of boiling water— very viscous, very slowly churning water. The great debate about how Earth’s interior operates to shed internal heat and shape the surface began with disagreements over whether two layers in the pot—the upper and lower mantle—always remain separate, like oil and water. That debate ended when seismologists imaged Earth’s cold, brittle surface scum...

Improving the constraints on the atmospheric fate and depletion rates of acidic compounds persistently emitted by non-erupting (quiescent) volcanoes is important for quantitatively predicting the environmental impact of volcanic gas plumes. Here, we present new experimental data coupled with modelling studies to investigate the chemical processing of acidic volcanogenic species during troposphe...

[1] On 5 April 2005, during the East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols: An International Regional Experiment (EAST-AIRE) aircraft campaign, heavy loadings of SO2 (20 ppb near ground, 1–3 ppb at 2 km altitude) and dust with aerosol optical depth of 1 were measured over Shenyang, an industrialized city 600 km NE of Beijing. In this study, Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and MODIS satellite s...

we present observation of polar coronal hole plumes with foot point jets that shows evidence of longitudinal acceleration. the series of event, occurring in the north coronal hole on 10 july 2010, was observed by the aia telescopes of the solar dynamic observatory (sdo mission) in the euv lines, with unprecedented details. the structures along the plume show a propagating outward velocity of ab...

Abstract Visible plumes above wet cooling towers are of great concern due to the associated aesthetic and environmental impacts. The parallel path wet/dry tower is one most commonly used approaches for plume abatement, however, capital cost usually high addition dry coils. Recently, passive technologies, which make use free solar energy or latent heat hot, moist air rising through fill, have be...

We investigate the transient ventilation flow within a confined ventilated space, with highand low-level openings, when the strength of a low-level point source of heat is changed instantaneously. The steady-flow regime in the space involves a turbulent buoyant plume, which rises from the point source to a well-mixed warm upper layer. The steady-state height of the interface between this layer ...

Detecting and identifying weak gaseous plumes using thermal imaging data is complicated by many factors. These include variability due to atmosphere, ground and plume temperature, and background clutter. This paper presents an analysis of one formulation of the physics-based radiance model, which describes at-sensor observed radiance. The background emissivity and plume/ground temperatures are ...

[1] Observations of detached subauroral proton arcs by the FUV instrument on the IMAGE spacecraft have been recently reported and shown to be produced by ring current ions precipitating in the afternoon local time sector during geomagnetically disturbed periods. Data from June 18, 2001 show a direct link between a subauroral proton arc and a global observation of a plasmaspheric plume by the IM...