A professional mountain trekker presented with gradual, moderate visual decline in one eye. The subnormal vision could not be explained by the examination of anterior and posterior segment of either eye, which was unremarkable. Optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence imaging revealed subtle defects in the outer retina, which correlated with the extent of visual disturbance. A novel pr...

In vitro and in vivo studies were undertaken utilizing an established rat glioma cell line (C6) to compare the phototoxicity characteristics of aluminium tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (AlSPc), zinc tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (ZnSPc) and haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD). AlSPc and ZnSPc were inherently less cytotoxic in the dark compared to HpD with 50% colony survival at 275, 355 and 14 m...

The European Cosmetics Directive and REACH have accelerated the need for alternative tests. Especially the animal testing ban of cosmetic ingredients from 2009 strongly impacts on the timely delivery of relevant methods. ECVAM's key area "topical toxicity" focuses on skin and eye irritation/corrosion, phototoxicity and percutaneous absorption. Regulatory accepted alternative tests are available...

Abstract Light-sheet microscopy is a powerful method for imaging small translucent samples in vivo, owing to its unique combination of fast speeds, large field view, and low phototoxicity. This chapter briefly reviews state-of-the-art technology variations light-sheet microscopy. We review recent examples optogenetics with discuss some current bottlenecks horizons light sheet all-optical physio...

The phototoxicity mechanism of a kryptocyanine dye, N,N'-bis(2-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane)kryptocyanine (EDKC+), has been studied in RBC membranes and isolated mitochondria. Lipophilic, positively charged dyes, such as EDKC+, may be useful as tumor-cell-selective, light-activated cytotoxic agents. Exposure of the RBC membranes to 700-nm light and EDKC+ inhibited membrane acetylcholinesterase and photo...

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the possible ocular phototoxicity of drugs used in ophthalmic formulations. Sulphacetamide, ketoconazole, voriconazole, diclofenac, and ketorolac were assessed in the concentrations available in the market for their ocular use. The suitable models viz Hen's Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) test, Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) test, and...

In the accompanying paper (Kleinman et al., submitted for publication), the link between phototoxicity and photoreactivity (i.e. production of singlet oxygen, superoxide and chemical photostability) has been established. It is proposed this may be used to refine existing triggers for photosafety testing. Using a series of compounds we have determined whether these photochemical reactivity measu...