INTRODUCTION For children ages 1-14, 21.6% of drowning cases involve swimming, wading, or playing in natural bodies of water, such as rivers and lakes. Personal flotation devices (PFDs) are believed to be an effective prevention measure. We measure compliance with city and county ordinances, publicized but not actively enforced, requiring that PFDs be worn by children accessing public bodies of...

Atrial fibrosis is one of the major pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying progression atrial arrhythmias. We previously demonstrated in a swine model that frequent premature complexes (PACs) promote fibrillation (AF) via and slow conduction. Whether such can be reversed or prevented unknown. To evaluate effect (1) PAC eradication (2) antifibrotic drug pirfenidone (PFD) on frequent, dyssynchron...

The consequences of light adaptation and acclimation of photosynthesis on photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), particularly as it relates to the efficiency of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) use in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, was studied in the sun species Glycine max and the shade species Alocasia macrorrhiza. Both G. max and A. macrorrhiza were found to possess t...

Wireless communication is a fast-growing industry and recent developments focus on improving certain aspects of the area reducing power consumption while maintaining frequency operation. Phase Locked Loop (PLL) an integral part circuits which operate at very high frequencies. Frequency Detector (PFD) first block PLL key in determining computational capacity PLL. The PFD has to be reduced minimi...

The national forest sector: context and issues Productive closed forests on drained land in Cameroon cover about 17.5 million hectares (Eba’a Atyi 1998). A zoning plan drafted in 1993 divided the national territory into a permanent forest domain (PFD) and a non-permanent forest domain (NPFD). The bulk of annual timber production is harvested in about 100 Forest Management Units (FMU) inside the...

To investigate linear and nonlinear components of heart rate variability over the 24-hour period in healthy subjects, we analyzed RR interval series, derived from 70 recordings in free-living conditions (37 ± 4 years, 34 males) by different nonlinear approaches (Largest Lyapunov Exponent -LLEcomputation, quantifying exponential divergence of trajectories in the phase space; corrected conditiona...

This paper investigates the design and performance of the PLL (Phase Locked Loop). The proposed PLL designed with PFD (Phase Frequency Detector), CP (Charge Pump), first order Low Pass Filter and CS-VCO (Current Starved-Voltage Control Oscillator), in this paper the designed PFD used for proposed PLL is free from dead zone. The VCO used for the designed PLL shows larger tuning range and high ga...

The charge-pump circuit is an important component in a phase-locked loop (PLL). The charge-pump converts Up and Down signals from the phase/frequency detector (PFD) into current. A conventional CMOS charge-pump circuit consists of two switched current sources that pump charge into or out of the loop filter according to two logical inputs. The mismatch between the charging current and the discha...

A Clockand Data-Recovery (CDR) IC for a Physical Layer Controller in an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) system operating at a bit rate of 2.488Gb/s is presented. The circuit was designed and fabricated in a 0.8pm BiCMOS process featuring 13GHz fT bipolar transistors. Clock-recovery is accomplished with a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). The PLL uses a Phaseand Frequency Detector (PFD) to increase the ...