This study examines differences in cost and recycling performance between single and multi-stream recycling systems in Ontario, Canada. Using panel data from 223 provincial municipalities spanning a ten year period, focus is placed on analyzing: (a) Are material management costs for municipalities who implement single stream collection less than those that implement multi stream collection? (b)...

Local governments are increasingly relying on municipally owned corporations (MOCs) to provide public services. Some describe this development as a rational response austerity challenges and emphasise the cost-efficiency of MOCs (‘the optimistic view’). Others identify complications associate with weak supervision, lack accountability, corruption risks sceptical Hitherto, no studies have analys...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate which factors affected the implementation of a multicomponent Responsible Beverage Service (RBS) program in 290 Swedish municipalities and whether the amount of such factors influenced the level of implementation of the program. METHODS This study used variation in the presence of implementation-promoting factors to predict the level of ...

INTRODUCTION More than half of the malaria cases reported in the Americas are from the Brazilian Amazon region. While malaria is considered endemic in this region, its geographical distribution is extremely heterogeneous. Therefore, it is important to investigate the distribution of malaria and to determine regions whereby action might be necessary. METHODS Changes in malaria indicators in al...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To study municipal variations in children's injury risk and to assess the impact of safety promotion measures in general municipal, preschool, school, and leisure activity settings, on injury outcome. DESIGN A cohort study based on individual data on children's consumption of hospital care as a result of injury, the age and sex of each child, and socioeconomic data on each chi...

The municipalities of Ubatuba, Campos do Jordão, and São José dos Campos are located in the region of São Paulo State (Brazil). These municipalities are recognized nationally for having an elevated number of recorded landslides on slopes and embankments. In addition, these municipalities contain multiple areas that are at risk for landslides. Various soil landslides occurred in these municipali...

In this article, we examine the existence of regions and borders in Belgium by means of an original data set of more than 200 million mobile communications and a mathematical method which allows networks to be divided into coherent groups in a natural and automatic manner. A geography of mobile communications is thus proposed based on the relative frequency of communications as well as their av...

The HIV/AIDS epidemic among injection drug users (IDUs) in Brazil has been unique in terms of temporal and geographical contrasts. This analysis explores these contrasts through the use of multilevel modeling. Standardized AIDS incidence rates among IDUs for Brazilian municipalities (1986-2000) were used as the dependent variable, with a set of social indicators as independent variables (covari...

Objectives To characterize the infrastructure of public pharmacies in Minas Gerais, comparing municipalities that have received the RFM program to the ones that haven't, in order to verify if the State's Economic Incentives implied in improvement of local Pharmaceutical Services (PS). Methods A cross-sectional, exploratory, evaluative study in a representative sample of the municipalities of ...