Genetic variation in the multidrug resistance gene ABCB1, which encodes the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), has been associated with Parkinson disease. Our goal was to investigate P-gp transport of paraquat, a Parkinson-associated neurotoxicant. We used in vitro transport models of ATPase activity, xenobiotic-induced cytotoxicity, transepithelial permeability, and rhodamine-123 inhibi...

OBJECTIVE To study ultra-early pathophysiological changes of rabbit acute lung injury (ALI) caused by paraquat (PQ) and discuss the ultra-early protective effect of ulinastatin on rabbit ALI due to PQ. METHODS 30 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into a control group, a paraquat group and an ulinastatin intervention group with 10 rabbits in each group. For paraquat group and int...

paraquat herbicide weed control efficacy in stale seedbed practices was evaluated by split plots arrangement according to a randomized complete block design with three replications in lorestan province during 2009 and 2010. the common bean seed rate (in three levels: 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1) and weed management in seven levels (1. trifluralin ppi; 2. paraquat pre; 3. bentazon+acifluorfen post;...

The biodegradation of ring-14C- and methyl-14C-labeled paraquat by the soil yeast Lipomyces starkeyi was studied in vitro. It was found that the degradation of paraquat (acting as a sole source of culture nitrogen) resulted in the accumulation in the extracellular medium of radiolabeled acetic acid. The culture also evolved radiolabeled CO2. The results suggest that the degradation of paraquat ...

Studies carried out on the occupational exposure to paraquat of plantation workers in Malaysia comprised quantitative estimates of dermal and respiratory exposure of knapsack spray operators, carriers, and rubber tappers operating under their normal working conditions. Spray operators have been shown to be dermally exposed to paraquat by walking through recently sprayed vegetation and into thei...

Huge quantities of pesticides are dispersed in the environment, affecting non-target organisms. Since paraquat affects the photosynthetic process, the biochemical composition of affected species should be altered. The effect of paraquat on Chlamydomonas moewusii, a freshwater non-target species, was studied. After 48 h of herbicide exposure, growth rate, dry weight, and chlorophyll a and protei...

Halide, Pyridine Complexes, Zinc, X-Ray Data Zinc dichloride reacts with aminomethylpyridine (AMP) to the corresponding 1:1 adduct 1, whereas ZnBr2 forms an ionic 1:2 complex of the type [(AMP)2ZnBr]+ Br~ 2, which loses one neutral coligand upon heating in M e-C (0)0E t to yield nearly insoluble (AMP)ZnBr2 3. The condensation reaction of these compounds with acetone yields propylideneaminomethy...

Gramoxone is a commercial formulation of a herbicide containing the di-metho sulphate salt of paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-dipyridilium). Bullivant (1966) reported that up to July 1964 one case of paraquat poisoning had occurred in a child in Ireland. He described two additional cases in men in 1966. The first was that of a 28-year-old man who drank half a glass of 20% paraquat solution; a day...

The biochemical response of the microorganisms Lipomyces starkeyi (Lod & Rij), Escherichia coli K-12 W3110, Bacillus subtilis 168 (Marburg) and Pseudomonas sp. strain TTO1 to the presence of growth-inhibitory concentrations of paraquat was studied. Paraquat was added to each culture at a concentration previously determined to reduce the culture growth rate by up to 50%. The changes in activity ...

A number of epidemiological and experimental studies have implicated the non-selective herbicide, paraquat, in the development of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). While preclinical research has focused mainly on elucidating the nigrostriatal effects of paraquat, relatively little data are available concerning non-motor brain systems and inflammatory immune processes (which have been implicate...